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垂直平流输送和土壤热储存补偿对黄土高原地表能量平衡的修正

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Keywords: 地表能量不平衡,黄土高原,垂直感热平流,土壤热储存,垂直速度,温度梯度

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Abstract:

?目前对复杂下垫面地表能量平衡问题的认识仍然比较有限.本文利用黄土高原陆面过程观测试验(LOPEX)资料,在分析黄土高原沟壑梁峁地形地表能量不平衡差额变化特征基础上,估算了近地层大气垂直感热平流输送量和浅层土壤热储存量的大小,研究了土壤热储存项和近地层大气垂直感热平流输送项对地表能量不平衡的影响,讨论了近地层垂直速度和温度梯度对垂直感热平流输送的影响机制.研究发现,近地层垂直速度为垂直感热平流提供了必要的动力条件,较强的近地层垂直温度梯度提供了产生垂直感热平流的能量基础;尤其在上升运动时,垂直感热平流对地表能量平衡的贡献更加明显;在地表能量平衡方程中引入土壤热储存项和垂直感热平流输送项后,地表能量不平衡差额平均日峰值由125.1Wm-2降低到41.5Wm-2,日平均地表能量不平衡差额由59.0Wm-2减少到26.4Wm-2,地表能量闭合度由0.78提高到0.94,地表能量平衡的程度大大提高.

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