3 Eliassen A, Palm E. On the transfer of energy in stationary mountain waves. Geophys Publ, 1961, 22: 1-23
[2]
4 Matsuno T. Vertical propagation of stationary planetary waves in the winter Northern Hemisphere. J Atmos Sci, 1970, 27: 871-883??
[3]
5 Wang L, Chen W. Downward Arctic Oscillation signal associated with moderate weak stratospheric polar vortex and the cold 2009 December. Geophys Res Lett, 2010, 37: L09707, doi: 10.1029/2010GL042659??
9 Limpasuvan V, Hartmann D. Wave-maintained annular modes of climate variability. J Clim, 2000, 13: 4414-4429??
[8]
10 Andrews D G, Holton J R, Leovy C B. Middle Atmosphere Dynamics. International Geophysical series. Vol. 40. New York: Academic Press, 1987. 489??
[9]
11 Hu X, Zhang X J, Huang X Y. Equatorial QBO and the interannual variability of winter stratospheric circulation. J Atmos Terr Phys, 1995, 57: 1203-1208??
13 Shiotani M, Hirota I. Planetary wave-mean flow interaction in the stratosphere: A comparison between Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Q J Roy Meteor Soc, 1985, 111: 309-334??
[12]
14 叶笃正, 曾庆存, 郭裕福. 当代气候研究. 北京: 气象出版社, 1991. 353
[13]
15 Hoskins B, James I, White G. The shape, propagation and mean-flow interaction of large-scale weather systems. J Atmos Sci, 1983, 40: 1595-1612??
[14]
16 van Loon H, Jenne R L, Labitzke K. Zonal harmonic standing waves. J Geophys Res, 1973, 78: 4463-4471??
18 Numaguti A, Takahashi M, Nakajima T, et al. Description of CCSR/NIES atmospheric general circulation model. Tsukuba: National Institute for Environmental Studies, 1997. 1-48
[17]
19 Wang L, Huang R H, Gu L, et al. Interdecadal variations of the East Asian winter monsoon and their association with quasi-stationary planetary wave activity. J Clim, 2009, 22: 4860-4872??
[18]
20 Randall D A, Wood R A, Bony S, et al. Cilmate Models and Their Evaluation. In: Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, et al, eds. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007
[19]
21 Wallace J M, Chang F C. Interannual variability of the wintertime polar vortex in the Northern Hemisphere middle stratosphere. J Meteorol Soc Jpn, 1982. 60: 149-155??
[20]
22 van Loon H, Labitzke K. The Southern Oscillation. Part V: The anomalies in the lower stratosphere of the Northern Hemisphere in winter and a comparison with the quasi-biennial oscillation. Mon Weather Rev, 1987, 115: 357-369??
[21]
23 Hamilton K. An examination of observed Southern Oscillation effects in the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere. J Atmos Sci, 1993, 50: 3468-3474??
[22]
32 Roeckner E, Baeuml G, Bonventura L, et al. The atmospheric general circulation model
2 Charney J G, Drazin P G. Propagation of planetary scale waves from the lower atmosphere to the upper atmosphere. J Geophys Res, 1961, 66: 83-109??
[25]
24 Baldwin M P, O''sullivan D. Stratospheric effects of ENSO-related tropospheric circulation anomalies. J Clim, 1995, 8: 649-667??
[26]
25 Chen W, Takahashi M, Graf H F. Interannual variations of stationary planetary wave activity in the northern winter troposphere and stratosphere and their relations to NAM and SST. J Geophys Res, 2003, 108(D24): 4797, doi:10.1029/2003JD003834
27 Hamilton K. A general circulation model simulation of El Ni?o effects in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere stratosphere. Geophys Res Lett, 1993. 20: 1803-1806??
[29]
28 Sassi F, Kinnison D, Boville B A, et al. Effect of El Ni?o-Souther Oscillation on the dynamical, thermal, and chemical structure of the middle atmosphere. J Geophys Res, 2004, 109(D17): 108, doi:10.1029/2003JD004434
[30]
29 Manzini E, Giorgetta M A, Esch M, et al. The influence of sea surface temperatures on the Northern winter stratosphere: Ensemble simulations with the MAECHAM5 model. J Clim, 2006, 19: 3863-3881??
[31]
30 Garcia-Herrera R, Calvo N, Garcia R R, et al. Propagation of ENSO temperature signals into the middle atmosphere: A comparison of two general circulation models and ERA-40 reanalysis data. J Geophys Res, 2006, 111(D6): 101, doi:10.1029/2005JD006061
[32]
31 Uppala S, Kallberg P, Simmons A, et al. The ERA-40 re-analysis. Q J Roy Meteor Soc, 2005, 131: 2961-3012??