[1] | 白建军:“变更罪名实证研究”,《法学研究》,2006年第4期。
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[2] | 土本武司:《日本刑事诉讼法要义》,董瑶舆、宋英辉译,五南图书出版公司民国86年版,页251。
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[3] | 对此,可参见陈卫东:《模范刑事诉讼法典》,中国人民大学出版社2005年版;徐静村:《中国刑事诉讼法(第二修正案)学者拟制稿及其立法理由》,法律出版社2005年版。
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[4] | 《刑事诉讼可否采行诉因制度研究讨论会》,台湾普林特印刷有限公司1994年版,页28。
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[5] | See Rave,96 Wis.2d 63,291 N.W.2d at 816.
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[6] | See Israel,Kamisar,La Fave,Criminal Procedure and the Constitution,Leading Supreme Court Cases and Introductory Text,West Publish Co.1991,P.251.
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[7] | See Israel,Kamisar,La Fave,Criminal Procedure and the Constitution,Leading Supreme Court Cases and Introductory Text,West Publish Co.1991,P.254.
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[8] | 田口守一:《刑事诉讼法》,刘迪、张凌、穆津译,法律出版社2000年版,页139—140。
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[9] | 《美国联邦刑事诉讼规则和证据规则》,卞建林译,中国政法大学出版社1996年版,页39。
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[10] | 同上注,页39。
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[11] | See E.g.,United Staffs v.Woody,55 F.3d 1257,1267(7th Cir.1995).
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[12] | See,e.g.,United States v.Tyndail,263 F.3d 848,850(8th Cir.2001).
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[13] | See e.g.,United States v.Johnson,130 F.3d 1420,1427(10th Cir.1997).
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[14] | See infra tables A,B,and in partⅢ.A.1(reporting statistics for federal criminal defendants between 1999 and 2003).
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[15] | See administrative 0mce of the United States Courts,Federal judicial caseload statistics,Judicial caseload indicators,Calendar Years 1995,2000,2003,and 2004,http:/www.uscouts.gov/caseload2004/front/judbus03.pdf(last visited Mar.24,2006).
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[16] | See Eric L.Muller:“The Hobgobhn of ltittle minds?our foolish law of inconsistent verdicts”,111 Harv.L.Rev.771(1998).
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[17] | See Andrew D.Leipold&Hossein A.Abbasi:“The impact of joinder and severance on federal criminal eases:An empirical study”,59 Vand.L.Rev.349(March.2006).
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[18] | See 2 ABA Standards for criminal Justice,supra note 31.
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[19] | See Fed.R.Crim.D.8(a)—(b).
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[20] | See Andrew D.Leipold&Hossein A.Abbasi:“The impact of joinder and severance on federal criminal cases:Anempirical study”,59Vand.L.Rev.349(March,2006).
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[21] | See Edith Green&Elizabeth F.Loftus:“When crimes are Joined at trial”,9 law&Hum.Behavior 193,194,197—98 (1985).
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[22] | See Kenneth S.Bordens&Irwin A Horowitz:“information processing in Joined and severed trials”,13 J.App.Soc.Psychology 351,369(1983).
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[23] | See Cooks v.Newland,395 F.3d 1077(9th Cir.2005).
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[24] | See Andrew D.Leipold&Hossein A.Abbasi:“The impact of joinder and severance on federal criminal cases:An empirical atudy”,59 Vand.L.Rev.349(March,2006).
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[25] | See Andrew D.Leipold&Hossein A.Abbasi:“The impact of joinder and severance on federal criminal cases:An empirical study”.59 Vand.L.Rev.349(March,2006).
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[26] | See Anne—Marie C.Carstense:“Twenty—eighth annual review of criminal procedure:Joinder and severance”,87 Geo.L.J.1346(May,1999).
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[27] | See http:/www.ca7.usecurts.gov/Rules/pjiry.pdf.
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[28] | See Andrew D.Leipold&Hossein A.Abbasi:“The impact of joinder and severance on federal criminal cases:Anempirical study”,59Vand.L.Rev.349(March,2006).
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[29] | 《德国刑事诉讼法典》,李昌珂译,中国政法大学出版社1995年版,页77—78。
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[30] | 谢鸿志:“试论日本之诉因制度”,《辅仁法学》,第13期。
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[31] | See Michael D Morgan,“Lying in the Heartland:Problems and Solutions Regarding Polygraph Evidence in Ohio Criminal Procedure”,26 Ohio N.U.L.Rev,89(2000).
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[32] | See Charles.H.Whitebread,Criminal Procedure—An analysis of cases and concepts,The Foundation Press Inc.1986.P.737.
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[33] | See Charles.H.Whitebread,Criminal Procedure—An analysis of cases and concepts,The Foundation Press.Inc 1986.P.732.
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[34] | See Charles.H.Whitebread,Criminal Procedure—An analysis of cases and concepts,The Foundation Press.Inc.1986.P.
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[35] | 彭勃:《日本刑事诉讼法通论》,中国政法大学出版社2002年版,页163。
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[36] | 田口守一,见前注[8],页:166。
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[37] | 杨诚、单民:《中外刑事公诉制度》,法律出版社2000年版,页231。
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[38] | 彭勃,见前注[35],页167。
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[39] | 田口守一,见前注[8],页186—187。
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[40] | 谢鸿志,见前注[30]。
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[41] | 大阪高判昭和五十六年(1981年)11月24日《判例时报》第464号,页170。
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[42] | 谢志鸿,见前注[30]。
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[43] | 《刑事诉讼可否采行诉因制度研究讨论会》,见前注[4],页10。
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[44] | 田口守一,见前注[8],页140。
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[45] | 张泽涛:“我国刑事诉讼法第150条亟需完善”,《法商研究》,2001年第1期。
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[46] | 《刑事诉讼可否采行诉因制度研究讨论会》,见前注[4],页16。
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[47] | 杜福海:“陈瑞华:死刑复核开庭审理”,《法制早报》,2006年10月9日。
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