| [1] | Lee M．Modjeska，Employmerit Disctimination Law ，CBC，1998，pp．15—16，See International Brotherhood of Teamsters v．United．States（1977）．
|
| [2] | Julie Chi—hye Suk，Antidiscrimination Law in the Administrative State，University of Illinois Law Review，2006，p．406．
|
| [3] | Secretary of State for the Home Department，Equality for Women，1974，Cmnd．5724，at 1—4．
|
| [4] | Home Department，Racial Discrimination，1975，Cmnd．6234，at 3．
|
| [5] | Home Department，Racial Discrimination，1975，Cmnd．6234，at 3．
|
| [6] | Home Department，Racial Discrimination，1975，Cmnd．6234，at 6．
|
| [7] | Kent Spriggs，Representing Plaintiffs in TitleⅦActions，Volume 1，Wiley Law Publications，1994，pp．21—22．
|
| [8] | 442 U．S．256，99 S．Ct．2282，60 L．Ed．2d 870（1979）．
|
| [9] | Kent Spriggs，Representing，Plaintiffs in TitleⅦActions，Volume 1，Wiley Law Publications，1994，p．21．
|
| [10] | Kent Spriggs，Representing Plaintiffs in TitleⅦActions，Volume l，Wiley Law Publications，1994，p．22．
|
| [11] | Linda Hamilton Krieger，The Content of our Categories：a Cognitive Bias Approach to Discrimination and Equal Employment Opportunity，Stanford Law Review，July 1995，p．1164．
|
| [12] | 490 U．S．228，109 S．Ct．1775，104 L．Ed．2d 268（1989）．
|
| [13] | Section 703（m），TitleⅦof teh Civil Rights Act of 1964．
|
| [14] | Section 706（g）（2）（B），TitleⅦof the Civil Rights Act of 1964．
|
| [15] | Linda Hamiltotl Krieger，The Content of our Categories：a Cognitive Bias Approach to Discrimination and Equal Employment Opportunity，Stanford Law Review，July 1995，p．1172．
|
| [16] | See Michael Selmi，Proving Intentional Discrimination The Reality of Supreme Court Rhetoric．86 GEO L．J．279，289（1997）．
|
| [17] | Syvock v．Milwaukee Boiler Mfg．Co．，665 F．2d 149，155（7（th上标）Cir．1981）．
|
| [18] | Burlew v．Eaton Corp．，869 F．2d 1063，1066（7（th上标）Cir．1989）．
|
| [19] | 435 U．S．702，98 S．Ct．1370，55 L．Ed．2d 657（1978）．
|
| [20] | Thomas v．Eastman Kodak Co．，183 F．3d 38，58（1（th上标）Cir．1999）．
|
| [21] | Chin v．Runnels，343 F．Supp．2d at 906（N．D．Cal．2004）．
|
| [22] | Teamsters v．United．States，431 u．S．324（1977）．
|
| [23] | Melissa Hart，Subjective Decision and Unconscious Discrimination，Alabama Law Review，Spring 2005，p．791．
|
| [24] | Julie Chi—hye Suk，Antidiscrimination Law in the Administrative State，University of Illinois Law Review，2006，PP．407、412．
|
| [25] | Julie Chi—hye Suk，Antidiscrimination Law in the Administrative State，University of Illinois Law Review，2006，PP．412—413．
|
| [26] | Julie Chi—hye Suk，Antidiscrimination Law in the Administrative State．Univenity of Illinois Law Review，2006，P．423．
|
| [27] | Mark Bell，Equality and the European Constitution，Industrial Law Journal，September 2004，p．251．
|
| [28] | The European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions．Annua Report on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men in the European 2002，COM（2003）98 at 19．
|
| [29] | Article 13，Racial Equality Directive（Council Directive 2000/43）；Article 8a，Revised Equal Treatment Directive（Council Directive 2002/73）．
|
| [30] | Article 2（5），8a（4），Revised Equal Treatment Directive．
|
| [31] | Mark Bell，Equality and the European Constitution，Industrial Law Journal，September 2004，P．252．
|
| [32] | Section 102（b）（5），Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990．
|
| [33] | Section 705，Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964．
|
| [34] | Julie Chi—hye Suk，Antidiscrimination Law in the Administrative State．University of Illinois Law Review，2006，P．438．
|
| [35] | Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972，42 U．S．C．§2000（e）2，3（2000）．
|
| [36] | H．R．Rep．No．92—238（1972），reprinted in 1972 U．S．C．C．A．N．2137．2145．
|
| [37] | Julie Chi—bye Suk，Antidiscrimination Law in the Administrative State．University of Illinois Law Review，2006，P．441．
|
| [38] | Section 106，Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990．
|
| [39] | Section 9，Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967．
|
| [40] | Sex Discrimination Act，1975，Sec 57（1），67（2）；Race Relations Act，1976，Sec 48（1）；Disability Rights Commission Act，1999，Sec 3，4．
|
| [41] | Sex Discrimination Act，1975，Sec 71（1）；Race Relations Act，1976，Sec 62（1）；Disability Rights Commission Act，1999，Sec 6（2）．
|
| [42] | See Sex Discrimination Act，1975，Sec 56A（1）；Race Relations Act，1976，Sec 47（1）．
|
| [43] | Sex Discrimination Act，1975，Sec 56A（10）；Race Relations Act，1976，Sec 47（10）．
|
| [44] | See the website of CEHR，http：//www．cehr．org．uk/content/purpose．rhtm（last visited on 4—13—2007）．
|
| [45] | See the website of CEHR，http：//www．cehr．org．uk/content/overview．rhtm（last visited on 4—13—2007）．
|
| [46] | See，Equality Act 2006，Section 8．
|
| [47] | Catherine Barnard，EC Employment Law，Third Edition，Oxford UniVersity Press，2006，p．297．
|
| [48] | Mark A．Rothstein，Charles B．Craver，Elinor P．Schroeder，Elaine W．Shoben，Employmerit Law，West，2005，p．143．
|
| [49] | 英国反就业歧视法律的出台和不断发展，外在的推动力主要来自于欧共体和欧盟的立法。1976年欧共体关于“实施男女平等待遇原则”的指令（council Directive No．76/207），要求各成员国在就业的各个方面实行男女平等的原则。成员国应在就业准入、职业培训和晋升、工作条件等方面贯彻男女平等原则。目前欧共体和欧盟专门涉及反歧视的指令主要包括：1975年有关“适用男女同酬原则”的《75/117指令》；1976年有关“实施男女平等待遇原则”的《76/207指令》（2002/73指令修改了该指令）；2000年有关“实施种族和民族出身（racial or ethnic origin）平等待遇原则”的《2000/43指令》；2000年有关“建立就业和职业平等待遇一般框架”的《2000/78指令》。欧共体或欧盟的指令极大地推动了英国反就业歧视法的发展。
|
| [50] | Section 701（b），Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964．
|
| [51] | Michael J．Zimmer，Charles A．Sullivan，Rebecca Hanner White，Cases and Materials on Employment Discrimination，Sixth Edition，Aspen Publishers．2003，p．31．
|
| [52] | Furnco Constr．Corp．v．Waters，438 U．S．567，577，98 S．Ct．2943，2949，57 L．Ed．2d 957（1978）．
|
| [53] | Section 701（b），Title Ⅶof the Civil Rights Act of 1964．
|
| [54] | 401 U．S．424，91 S．Ct．849，28 L．Ed．2d 158（1971）．
|
| [55] | Section 703（k），Title Ⅶ of the Civil Rights Act of 1964．
|
| [56] | Mark A．Rothstein，Chades B．Craver，Elinor P．Schroeder，Elaine W．Shoben，Employment Law，West，2005，p．123．在差别对待歧视上，美国并不严格区分故意（intention）、意图（intent）或动机（motive）。
|
| [57] | Mark A．Rothstein，Charles B．Craver，Elinor P．Schroeder，Elaine W．Shoben，Employment Law，West，2005，pp．189—190．
|
| [58] | J．Piette＆Douglas G Sauer，Legal and Statistical Approaches to Analyzing Allegations of Employment Discrimination，3 J Legal Econ I，2—3（1993）．
|
| [59] | Timothyr D Ludon，The Civil Rights Act of 1991：What Does it Mean and What is Its Likely Impact？，71 NEB L Rev 304，314（1992）．
|
| [60] | Reeves v．Sanderson Plumbing Prods．，530 U．S．133，120 S．Ct．2097，147 L．Ed．2d 105（2000）．
|
| [61] | Mark A．Rothstein，Charles B．Craver，Elinor P．Schroeder，Elaine W．Shoben，Employment Law，West，2005，pp．130—131．
|
| [62] | Hill v．Lockheed Martin Logistws Mgmt．Inc．354 F．3d 277（4（th上标）Cir．2004）．
|
| [63] | Campos v．Blue Springs，289 F．3d 546（8（th上标）Cir．2002）．
|
| [64] | Febres v．Challenger Carribean Corp．，214 F．3d 57（1（th上标）Cir．2000）．
|
| [65] | Ross v．Douglas County，Neb．，234 F．3d 391（8（th）Cir．2000）．
|
| [66] | Furnco Cortstr．Corp．v．Waters，438 U．S．567，98 S．Ct．2943，57 L．Ed，957（1978）．
|
| [67] | 411 U．S．792，93 S．Ct．1817，36 L．Ed．2d 668（1973）．
|
| [68] | International Bhd．of Teamsters v．Unite States，431 U．S．324，97 S．Ct．1843．52 L．Ed．2d 396（1977）．
|
| [69] | 874 F．2d 1534（11（th上标）Cir．1989）．
|
| [70] | Mark A．Rothstein，Charles B．Craver，Elinor P．Schroeder，E1aine W．Shoben，Employment Law，West，2005，P．144．
|
| [71] | 490 U．S．228，109 S．Ct．1775，104 L．Ed．2d 268（1989）．
|
| [72] | Michael J．Zimmer，Charles A．Sullivan，Rebecca Hanner White，Cases—and Materials on Employment Discrimination，Aspen Publishers．Sixth Edition，2003，pp．185—186．
|
| [73] | Section 703（m），TitleⅦof the Civil Rights Act of 1964．
|
| [74] | Section 706（g），TitleⅦof the Civil Rights Act of 1964．
|
| [75] | Melissa Hart，Subjective Decision and Unconscious Discrimination，Alabama Law Review，Spring 2005，p．743．
|
| [76] | Sex Discrimination Act sec 1（1）（a），2A（1），3（1）（a），Race Relations Act Sec 1（1）（a）．
|
| [77] | Sidhu v．Aerospace Composite Technology Ltd，2000，IRLR 602．
|
| [78] | Ministry of Defence v．Jeremiah，．1980，QB 87．
|
| [79] | James v．Eastleigh Borough Council，1990，2AC 751．
|
| [80] | Coyne v．Home Office，2000，ICR，1443．
|
| [81] | Robert Upex，Richard Benny and Stephen Hardy，Labor Law，Oxford University Press，2006，p．161．
|
| [82] | Sex Discrimination．Act sec 1（2）（b），Race Relations Act Sec 1（1A）．
|
| [83] | Sex Discrimination Act Sec 1（2）（b）．
|
| [84] | Sex Discrimination Act 1975，Sec 1（2）．“a person discriminmes against a woman if—（a）on the ground of her sex he treats her less favorably than he treats or would treat a man or（b）he applies to her a provision，criterion or prlactice which he applies or would apply equaIly to a man but—（i）which puts or would put womerI at a patticular disadvantage when compared with men，（ii）which puts her at that disadvantage，and（iii）which he cannot show to be a proportionate means of achieving a legitimate aim．”
|
| [85] | H．R．Rep．No．88—914，at 2488（1963），reprinted in 1964 u．S．C．C．A．N．2355，2391．
|
| [86] | Section 703（k）（2），706（e）（2），（g）（1）．
|
| [87] | Section 703（a）（1）（2），TitleⅦof the Civil Rights Act of 1964．
|
| [88] | Linda Hamilthon Krieger，The Content of our Categories：a Cognitive Bias Approach to Discrimination and Equal Employment Opportunity，Stanford Law Review，July 1995，p．1168．
|
| [89] | Melissa Hart，Subjective Decision and Uneonscious Discrimination，Alabama Law Review，Spring 2005，p．750．
|
| [90] | Linda Hamilton Krieger，The Content of our Categories：a Cognitive Bias Approach to Discrimination and Equal Employment Opportunity，Stanford Law Review，July 1995，p．1164．
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| [92] | Susan Sturm，Second Generation Employment Discrimination：A Structural Approach，Columbia Law Review，Vol．101：458，2001，pp．465—466．
|
| [93] | Susan Sturm，Second Generation：Employment DiscrJmination：A Structural Approach，Columbia Law Review，Vol．101：458，2001，pp．468—469．
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| [94] | Linda Hamilton Krieger，The Content of our Categories：a Cognitive Bias Approach to Disefimination and Equal Employment Opportunity，Stanford Law Review，July：1995，p．1170．
|
| [95] | Charles R．Law rence，The Id，the Ego，and Equal Protection：Reckoning with Unconscious Racism，Stanford Law Review，January 1987，p．323．
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