Solow, “Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function”, Review of Economics and Statistics 39, 1957:312-320, p.312
[2]
See Landes & Posner, The Economic Structure of Intellectual Property Law, Cambridge: Harvard Univer-sity Press, 2003, p.357.
[3]
See Gordon, “The Economic Theory of a Common Property Resource: The Fishery”, Journal of Political Economy 62, 1954: 124 -142; Steven Cheung(张五常), “The Structure of a Contract and the Theory of a Nonex-clusive Resource”，Journal of Law and Economics 13, 1970: 49 -70.
Merges, Menell & Lemley, Intellectual Property in the New Technological Age (4th edition), New York:Aspen Publishers, 2007, p.11.
[21]
自法经济学兴起以来，知识产权法就成为经济分析的主要“战场”，而其中很重要的一个内容，就是将知识产权制度解释为一种“激励机制”，许多知名学者都在这方面有过著述，诸如Lemley, “The Economics of Improvement in Intellectual Property Law”, Texas Law Review 75 (1997): 989 -1083; Landes & Posner, “The Economic Structure of Intellectual Property Law”, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003; Merges, Menell &Lemley, Intellectual Property in the New Technological Age (4th edition), New York: Aspen Publishers, 2007; Me-nell＆Scotchmer, “Intellectual Property”, In Handbook of Law and Economics, Vol. 2, ChapteR19, ed. by Polinsky＆Shavell, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishing, 2007:1473 -1570.
[22]
Von Adam B. Jaffe & Josh Lerner, Innovation and Its Discontents: How Our Broken Patent System Is En-dangering Innovation and Progress and What to Do about It, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006, p.1.
[23]
Grady & Alexander, “Patent Law and Rent Dissipation”, Virginia Law Review 78 (1992): 305 - 350,pp. 305-306.
See “The Constitution of the U. S. ”, Art. 1 Sec. 8 (8), from William Cohen & Jonathan D. Varat, Con-stitutional Lau：Cases and Materials（11th cdition），New York: Foundation Press, 2001.
[26]
Menell & Scotchmer, “Intellectual Property”, In Handbook of Law and Economics, Vol. 2, ChapteR19,ed. by Polinsky & Shavell, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishing, 2007, p.1475.
[27]
Posner, “Intellectual Property: The Law and Economics Approach”, The Journal of Economic Perspec-tives 19, 2005. p.57.
Machlup, “An Economic Review of the Patent System”, In Foundations of Intellectual Property, ed. by Merges & Ginsburg, New York: Foundation Press, 2004, pp.55-56.
[34]
美国国会曾经在一份报告中总结了专利制度对美国的影响，其中就提及，“激励美国的发明人发明了重要产业的主要部分以及过去150年以来的首要发明”See Dratler, Licensing of Intellectual Property, Vol.2, New York: Law Journal Press, 1994, pp. 6-11，Fu. 19.
[35]
“Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen”, France, Art. 17: “Property being a sacred to and inviolable right, no one can be deprived of it, unless illegally established public necessity evidently demands it, un-der the condition of a just and prior indemnity”, from http:/ / www. historyguide. org/ intellect/ declaration. html, 最后访问日期：2010年9月25日
[36]
参见汤宗舜：《专利法教程》，法律出版社2003年版，页9。
[37]
Drahos, A Philosophy of Intellectual Property, Vermont: Dartmouth Publishing Company, 1996, p.199.
[38]
Merges, Menell & Lemley, Supra note 1, 2007, p.16.
[39]
Scotchmer, Innovation and Incentives. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2006, p.127.
[40]
See Scotchmer, “Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: Cumulative Research and the Patent Law”,Journal of Economic Perspectives 5, 1991:29-41, p.29.
[41]
吴欣望：《专利经济学》，社会科学文献出版社2005年版，页39。
[42]
See Scherer, Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance (2d ed. ), Chicago: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt，1980, pp.445-455.
[43]
Menell & Scotchmer, Supra note 7, p． 1476.引文中括号内的表述为笔者所加
