全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...
草业科学  2014 

畜粪沉积对贵州高原黑麦草╋白三叶草地养分和植被构成的影响

DOI: 10.11829\j.issn.1001-0629.2013-0130, PP. 488-498

Keywords: 贵州高原,混播草地,粪沉积,土草养分,植被构成,采食

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

?2011年8月,对贵州高原黑麦草(Loliumperenne)+白三叶(Trifoliumrepens)草地的牛粪和羊粪沉积处和对照处土壤和牧草矿质成分、牧草营养价值、植被构成和牧草被家畜采食的程度进行定量分析,为草地管理提供实践依据。结果表明,主要矿质元素含量在土-草之间差异很大,因矿质种类和家畜种类不同而异;畜粪沉积降低或消除Na、K和Mn在土-草之间的正相关性,促进Cu和Zn在土-草之间正相关的形成。畜粪沉积对植被在植物种群和群落水平的影响随畜粪类型和分解阶段不同而异,粪沉积促进鸭茅(Dactylisglomerata)和黑麦草生长,抑制白三叶生长,使牧草高度、生物量和黑麦草生殖枝率提高,整体营养价值下降。牛粪沉积对植被的影响比羊粪更明显。家畜对粪沉积处黑麦草和鸭茅的采食均低于对照,牛对粪沉积处植物的弃食程度比羊的高。草地管理中,实行牛、羊混牧,可提高草地利用率。

References

[1]  Hodgson J.Grazing management——Science into Practice .New York:Longman Science and Technical Press, 1990.
[2]  王文, 刘国友, 于应文, 徐震.放牧利用下气候因子和奶牛排泄物施肥对混播草地牧草生长的影响.草原与草坪, 2007(2):22-27.
[3]  Yu Y W, Nan Z B, Matthew C.Population relationships of perennial ryegrass and white clover mixtures under differing grazing intensities .Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2008, 124:40-50.
[4]  Afzal M, Adams W A.Heterogeneity of soil mineral nitrogen in pasture grazed by cattle.Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1992, 56:1160-1166.
[5]  Williams P H, Haynes R J.Effect of sheep, deer and cattle dung on herbage production and soil nutrient content.Grass and Forage Science, 1995, 50:263-271.
[6]  Aarons S R, Hosseini H M, Dorling L, Gourley C J P.Dung decomposition in temperate dairy pastures II:Contribution to plant-available soil phosphorus.Australian Journal of Soil Research, 2004, 24:115-123
[7]  Powell J M, Ikpe F N, Somda Z C, Fernandez-Rivera S.Urine effects on soil chemical properties and the impact of urine and dung on pearl millet yield.Experimental Agriculture, 1998, 34:259-276.
[8]  鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社, 2000.
[9]  甘肃农业大学.草原生态化学实验指导书.北京:农业出版社, 1987.
[10]  Rohweder D A, Barnes R F, Jorgensen N.Proposed hay grading standards based on laboratory analyses for evaluating quality.Journal of Animal Science, 1978, 47(3):747-759.
[11]  卢德勋.乳牛营养工程技术及其应用.内蒙古畜牧科学, 2003(1):5-12.
[12]  Macdonald P, Edwards P A, Greenhoff J F D.动物营养学.赵义斌, 胡令浩, 译.兰州:甘肃民族出版社, 1992.
[13]  姜世成, 周道玮.牛粪堆积对草地影响的研究.草业学报, 2006, 15(4):1-3.
[14]  李辉霞, 王青, 陈国阶.高原牛粪:理想与生存的实证.生态经济, 2003(8):29-31.
[15]  Sakadevan K, Mackay A D, Hedley M J.Influence of sheep excreta on pasture uptake and leaching losses of sulfur, nitrogen and potassium from grazed pasturesAustralia Journal of Soil Research, 1993, 31:151-162.
[16]  Whitehead D C.Nutrient Elements in Grassland.Soil-Plant-Animal Relationships.Wallingford, UK:CAB International, 2000.
[17]  MacDiarmid B N, Watkin B R.The cattle dung patch 1.Effect of dung patches on yields and botanical composition of surrounding and underlying pasture.Journal of the British Grassland Society, 1971, 26:239-245.
[18]  Vinther F P.Biological nitrogen fixation in grass-clover affected by animal excreta.Plant and Soil, 1998, 203:207-215.
[19]  Forbes T D A, Hodgson J.The reaction of grazing sheep and cattle to the presence of dung from the same or the other species.Grass and Forage Science, 1985, 40:177-182.
[20]  Curll M L, Wilkins R J, Snaydon R W, Shanmugalingam V S.The effects of stocking rate and nitrogen fertifizer on a perennial ryegrass-white clover sward.1.Sward and sheep performance.Grass and Forage Science, 1985, 40:129-140.
[21]  Yu Y W, Fraser M D, Evans J G.Long-term effects on sward composition and animal performance of reducing fertilizer inputs to upland permanent pasture.Grass and Forage Science, 2011, 66:138-151.
[22]  MacDiarmid B N, Watkin B R.The cattle dung patch 3.Distribution and rate of decay of dung patches and their influence on grazing behaviour.Journal of the British Grassland Society, 1972, 27:48-54.
[23]  Hutchings M R, Gordon I J, Kyriazkis I, Jackson F.Sheep avoidance of faeces-contaminated patches leads to a trade-off between intake rate of forage and parasitism in subsequent foraging decisions.Animal Behaviour, 2001, 62:955-964.
[24]  刘新民, 陈海燕, 峥嵘, 乌云, 阿仁高娃, 王润润.内蒙古典型草原羊粪和牛粪的分解特征.应用与环境生物学报, 2011, 17(6):791-796.
[25]  张英俊.绵羊宿营法清除天然草地灌木无毛丑柳的效果和机理研究.兰州:甘肃农业大学, 1999.
[26]  鱼小军.牦牛粪维系青藏高原高寒草地健康的作用机制.兰州:甘肃农业大学, 2010.
[27]  姜世成, 周道玮.草原牛粪对牲畜取食影响的研究.中国草地, 2002, 24(1):41-45.
[28]  姜世成, 周道玮.松嫩草地牛粪中大型节肢动物种类组成及种群动态变化.生态学报, 2005, 25(11):2983-2991.
[29]  Lin X W, Wang S P, Ma X Z, Xu G P, Luo C Y, Li Y N, Jiang G M, Xie Z B.Fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O in an alpine meadow affected by yak excreta during summer grazing periods on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau.Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2009, 41:718-725.
[30]  周姗姗, 孙红, 廖加法, 于应文.放牧对黑麦草+白三叶混播草地植被构成的作用.草业科学, 2012, 29(5):814-820.
[31]  刘金祥, 周道玮, 王德利.羊草草原放牧动物选择性采食研究.草业学报, 2004, 13(2):101-104
[32]  杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术.北京:中国农业出版社, 1999.

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133