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草业科学  2014 

豆科植物疯草中内生真菌及其作用

DOI: 10.11829\j.issn.1001-0629.2013-0513, PP. 1686-1695

Keywords: 疯草,内生真菌,苦马豆素,内生真菌的传播途径

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Abstract:

?含有以苦马豆素为主要有毒成分的黄芪属(Astragalus)和棘豆属(Oxytropis)植物统称为疯草,引致家畜疯病,会造成巨大的经济损失。最早于1999年在疯草中发现内生真菌,属豆科植物上最先发现的内生真菌,也是疯草毒性的主要原因。截至2013年年底,全世界共在15种疯草上发现了内生真菌,包括7种棘豆属疯草和8种黄芪属疯草。疯草内生真菌的分类地位从链格孢属(Alternaria)到埃里砖格孢属(Embellisia),几经变迁,于2009年为其确立了新属——波浪芽管孢属(Undifilum),目前该属有4个种,其中3种为疯草内生真菌,而大部分疯草中的内生真菌尚未定种。揭示疯草内生真菌的分布、产孢、传播等生物学特性是制定防控家畜疯草病发生的重要依据,本文就疯草内生真菌的生境、宿主、形态、生理和分子生物学等方面的研究加以综述,梳理了从事相关研究应关注的重点。

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