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草业科学  2015 

围封对当雄县高寒草原土壤微生物和酶活性的影响

DOI: 10.11829\j.issn.1001-0629.2014-0051, PP. 1-10

Keywords: 土壤微生物,土壤酶活性,青藏高原,过度放牧

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Abstract:

?过度放牧会严重破坏土壤生态系统,造成土壤退化,土壤一旦退化,即使很长年限也难以恢复。本研究通过围栏禁牧(1、4、6年)对青藏高原当雄县高寒草原退化草地进行修复,分析围封时间对高寒草原土壤理化性质、土壤微生物和酶活性的影响,以期阐明围封对高寒退化草地修复的影响。结果表明,与放牧土壤相比,围封1、4和6年的草地土壤水溶性有机碳和水溶性有机氮含量显著提高(P<0.05),围封6年的土壤含水量显著增加,pH值显著降低;围封显著改变了土壤蔗糖酶和L-天冬酰胺酶活性,土壤蔗糖酶和L-天冬酰胺酶活性均随着围封年限的延长有增加的趋势;围封6年土壤细菌、放线菌和革兰氏阳性细菌含量相比放牧显著升高。因此,围封不仅会引起土壤物理化学性质的变化,而且土壤酶活性与土壤微生物群落结构都会发生相应改变。Pearson相关性分析表明,水溶性有机碳、水溶性有机氮、土壤水均与土壤酶活性和微生物类群生物量显著或极显著(P<0.01)相关,因此这些指标可以指示退化草地修复状况。围栏禁牧有利于提高土壤易降解有机质含量,从而促进微生物生长,加速营养物质循环,促进高寒草原生态系统的恢复。

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