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草业科学  2015 

外来植物豚草入侵机制

DOI: 10.11829\j.issn.1001-0629.2014-0361, PP. 54-63

Keywords: 豚草,可入侵性,入侵机制,入侵性,繁殖体压力

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Abstract:

?豚草(Ambrosiaartemisiifolia)是世界公认的恶性入侵杂草,其花粉是影响人类健康的高致敏原,豚草入侵到农业生态系统和自然生态系统中威胁当地的农业生产和生物多样性。本文综述了国内外学者的研究,发现豚草的成功入侵与其自身入侵性、生境可入侵性和人类干扰密切相关1)豚草的入侵性在于其具有的高繁殖体压力、高水肥利用效率、化感作用、表型可塑性和遗传多样性;2)生境的可入侵性是由于具有适宜豚草生长的气候条件和可利用资源,生物多样性较低,且缺乏天敌和高竞争力的土著植物;3)国际贸易、耕作等人类活动及全球变化对豚草的入侵性和生境的可入侵性具有促进作用。建议今后应加强豚草可控试验,以探究豚草入侵的地下过程,研究豚草的成功入侵与其生物学特征、表型可塑性、遗传多样性和本地植物多样性之间的关系。

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