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类别验证任务中否定加工的ERP研究

DOI: 10.1360/052011-232, PP. 1203-1211

Keywords: 两阶段模拟假说,类别验证任务,事件相关电位,N400

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Abstract:

有研究提出了否定加工的两阶段模拟假说,认为否定加工的第一阶段是模拟被否定的状态,第二阶段是整合否定以模拟真实状态.为了对该假说进行检验,本研究采用ERP技术探讨了20名被试完成类别验证任务时的脑内时程动态变化.任务有4种条件:肯定类别对(例如,蔬菜-白菜),肯定无关对(例如,蔬菜-蜜蜂),否定类别对(例如,蔬菜-蜜蜂)和否定无关对(例如,蔬菜-白菜).其中类别上画有一横线表示“不是该类别的事物”,例如,蔬菜表示“不是蔬菜”.结果表明,否定类别对比否定无关对和肯定类别对都引发了更负的N400,这说明,否定加工中建立了被否定状态的表征,支持了两阶段模拟假说.此外,肯定类别对比否定类别对引发了更正的LPC,这一结果揭示了两阶段模拟假说中第二阶段即整合否定模拟真实状态的神经机制.可能是因为肯定类别关系的加工涉及再认和记忆信息的提取,而否定类别关系的加工如两阶段模拟假说所预期的包含两个阶段,涉及推理过程,因而前者比后者引发了更正的LPC.

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