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豹属线粒体基因组分析

, PP. 699-713

Keywords: 雪豹,,,线粒体全序列,系统发育,分歧时间

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Abstract:

采用PCR扩增方法,测定了虎、豹和雪豹线粒体基因组全序列,长度分别为16990,16964和16773bp.每个线粒体基因组包括:13个蛋白编码基因,22个tRNA,2个rRNA,一个非编码的控制区(D-loop)以及一个轻链复制起点(OLR),其基因组结构与家猫、美洲狮和云豹具有较高的相似性.基于两组线粒体合并序列和线粒体全序列,采用最大简约法、最大似然法及贝叶斯法(Bayesian)推测豹属的分子系统关系.结果显示,豹属(Panthera)由虎、豹、雪豹、美洲虎、狮和云豹组成,云豹并归于豹属.属内物种间的系统关系为:云豹(虎(美洲虎(豹(狮,雪豹)))).基于ML最优树的枝长和4个可靠的分歧时间校正点进行了分歧时间的估算,豹属约在11.3百万年前(MYA)从猫科动物中分化出来;云豹、虎、雪豹和豹的分化时间分别为8.66,6.55,4.63和4.35MYA,比化石时间略早.尤其是雪豹这一青藏高原的特有物种,其分歧事件、演化过程、物种形成和分布模式与发生在8,3.6,2.5和1.7MYA晚新生代青藏高原的地质构造事件及气候重大转型期呈现相关性.

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