32 Kwik J, Boyle S, Fooksman D, et al. Membrane cholesterol, lateral mobility, and the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-dependentorganization of cell actin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2003,100: 13964-13969
[2]
33 Qualmann B, Kessels M M, Kelly R B. Molecular links between endocytosis and the actin cytoskeleton. J Cell Biol, 2000, 150: F111-F116？？
[3]
34 Raynal I, Prigent P, Peyramaure S, et al. Macrophage endocytosis of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: mechanisms andcomparison of ferumoxides and ferumoxtran-10. Invest Radiol, 2004, 39: 56-63？？
[4]
35 Harush-Frenkel O, Debotton N, Benita S, et al. Targeting of nanoparticles to the clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway. Biochem Biophys ResCommun, 2007, 353: 26-32？？
[5]
36 Jones A T. Macropinocytosis: searching for an endocytic identity and role in the uptake of cell penetrating peptides. J Cell Mol Med, 2007, 11:670-684？？
[6]
37 West M A, Bretscher M S, Watts C. Distinct endocytotic pathways in epidermal growth factor-stimulated human carcinoma A431 cells. J CellBiol, 1989, 109: 2731-2739？？
[7]
38 Kaksonen M, Toret C P, Drubin D G. Harnessing actin dynamics for clathrin mediated endocytosis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2006, 7: 404-414？？
[8]
39 Merrifield C J. Seeing is believing: imaging actin dynamics at single sites of endocytosis. Trends Cell Biol, 2004, 14: 352-358？？
[9]
40 Wang S W, Yang C S, Chen Y C. The promotion of human mesenchymal stem cell proliferation by superparamagnetic iron oxidenanoparticles. Biomaterials, 2009, 30: 3645-3651？？
[10]
41 Skotland T, Sontum P C, Oulie I. In vitro stability analyses as a model for metabolism of ferromagnetic particles (Clariscan), a contrast agentfor magnetic resonance imaging. J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2002, 28: 323-329？？
[11]
42 Arbab A S, Wilson L B, Ashari P, et al. A model of lysosomal metabolism of dextran coated superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)nanoparticles: implications for cellular magnetic resonance imaging. NMR Biomed, 2005, 18: 383-389？？
[12]
43 Jin H, Heller D A, Strano M S. Single-particle tracking of endocytosis and exocytosis of single-walled carbon nanotubes in NIH-3T3 cells.Nano Lett, 2008, 8: 1577-1585？？
[13]
44 Pouliquen D, Le Jeune J J, Perdrisot R, et al. Iron oxide nanoparticles for use as an MRI contrast agent: pharmacokinetics and metabolism.Magn Reson Imaging, 1991, 9: 275-283？？
[14]
45 Okon E, Pouliquen D, Okon P, et al. Biodegradation of magnetite dextran nanoparticles in the rat. A histologic and biophysical study. LabInvest, 1994, 71: 895-903
[15]
46 Hentze M W, Muckenthaler M U, Andrews N C. Balancing acts: molecular control of mammalian iron metabolism. Cell, 2004, 117: 285-297？？
[16]
47 Coulson R M, Cleveland D W. Ferritin synthesis is controlled by iron-dependent translational derepression and by changes insynthesis/transport of nuclear ferritin RNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1993, 90: 7613-7617？？
[17]
48 Liu X B, Hill P, Haile D J. Role of the ferroportin iron-responsive element in iron and nitric oxide dependent gene regulation. Blood Cells MolDis, 2002, 29: 315-326？？
[18]
49 Aydemir F, Jenkitkasemwong S, Gulec S, et al. Iron loading increases ferroportin heterogeneous nuclear RNA and mRNA levels in murineJ774 macrophages. J Nutr, 2009, 139: 434-438？？
[19]
50 Eisenstein R S. Iron regulatory proteins and the molecular control of mammalian iron metabolism. Annu Rev Nutr, 2000, 20: 627-662？？
[20]
51 Yuan X M, Li W, Baird S K, et al. Secretion of ferritin by iron-laden macrophages and influence of lipoproteins. Free Radic Res, 2004, 38:1133-1142？？
[21]
52 Leimberg M J, Prus E, Konijn A M, et al. Macrophages function as a ferritin iron source for cultured human erythroid precursors. J CellBiochem, 2008, 103: 1211-1218
2 Neri M, Maderna C, Cavazzin C, et al. Efficient in vitro labeling of human neural precursor cells with superparamagnetic iron oxide particles:relevance for in vivo cell tracking. Stem Cells, 2008, 26: 505-516？？
[24]
3 Veiseh O, Gunn J W, Kievit F M, et al. Inhibition of tumor-cell invasion with chlorotoxin-bound superparamagnetic nanoparticles. Small,2009, 5: 256-264
[25]
4 Johannsen M, Gneveckow U, Thiesen B, et al. Thermotherapy of prostate cancer using magnetic nanoparticles: feasibility, imaging, andthree-dimensional temperature distribution. Eur Urol, 2007, 52: 1653-1661？？
[26]
5 Jing X H, Yang L, Duan X J, et al. In vivo MR imaging tracking of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle labeled, engineered, autologous bonemarrow mesenchymal stem cells following intra-articular injection. Joint Bone Spine, 2008, 75: 432-438？？
[27]
6 Neuwelt E A, Hamilton B E, Varallyay C G, et al. Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxides (USPIOs): a future alternative magneticresonance (MR) contrast agent for patients at risk for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF)? Kidney Int, 2009, 75: 465-474
[28]
7 Huth S, Lausier J, Gersting S W, et al. Insights into the mechanism of magnetofection using PEI-based magnetofectins for gene transfer. JGene Med, 2004, 6: 923-936
[29]
8 Mayor S, Pagano R E. Pathways of clathrin-independent endocytosis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2007, 8: 603-612？？
[30]
9 Taylor P R, Martinez-Pomares L, Stacey M, et al. Macrophage receptors and immune recognition. Annu Rev Immunol, 2005, 23: 901-944？？
[31]
10 Lopez C F, Nielsen S O, Moore P B, et al.Understanding nature''s design for a nanosyringe. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2004, 101: 4431-4434？？
[32]
11 Kostarelos K, Lacerda L, Pastorin G, et al. Cellular uptake of functionalized carbon nanotubes is independent of functional group and cell type.Nat Nanotechnol, 2007, 2: 108-113？？
[33]
12 Davda J, Labhasetwar V. Characterization of nanoparticle uptake by endothelial cells. Int J Pharm, 2002, 233: 51-59？？
[34]
13 Kam N W, Liu Z, Dai H. Carbon nanotubes as intracellular transporters for proteins and DNA: an investigation of the uptake mechanism andpathway. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 2006, 45: 577-581？？
[35]
14 Park J S, Han T H, Lee K Y, et al. N-acetyl histidine-conjugated glycol chitosan self-assembled nanoparticles for intracytoplasmic delivery ofdrugs: endocytosis, exocytosis and drug release. J Control Release, 2006, 115: 37-45？？
[36]
15 Arbab A S, Bashaw L A, Miller B R, et al. Characterization of biophysical and metabolic properties of cells labeled with superparamagneticiron oxide nanoparticles and transfection agent for cellular MR imaging. Radiology, 2003, 229: 838-846？？
[37]
16 Pawelczyk E, Arbab A S, Pandit S, et al. Expression of transferrin receptor and ferritin following ferumoxides-prota mine sulfate labeling ofcells: implications for cellular magnetic resonance imaging. NMR Biomed, 2006, 19: 581-592？？
[38]
17 Corot C, Robert P, Idée J M, et al. Recent advances in iron oxide nanocrystal technology for medical imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2006, 58:1471-1504？？
[39]
18 Libby P. Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature, 2002, 420: 868-874？？
[40]
19 Boyle J J. Macrophage activation in atherosclerosis: pathogenesis and pharmacology of plaque rupture. Curr Vasc Pharmacol, 2005, 3: 63-68？？
[41]
20 Nardin A, Abastado J P. Macrophages and cancer. Front Biosci, 2008, 13: 3494-3505
[42]
21 Molday R S. Magnetic iron-dextran microspheres. US Patent No. 4452773, 1984
[43]
22 Fauconnier N, Bee A, Roger J, et al. Synthesis of aqueous magnetic liquids by surface complexation of maghemite nanoparticles. J Mol Liq,1999, 83: 233-242？？
[44]
23 Goldstein J L, Anderson R G, Brown M S. Coated pits, coated vesicles, and receptor-mediated endocytosis. Nature, 1979, 279: 679-685？？
[45]
24 Conner S D, Schmid S L.Regulated portals of entry into the cell. Nature 2003; 422: 37-44
[46]
25 Takei K, Haucke V. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis: membrane factors pull the trigger. Trends Cell Biol, 2001, 11: 385-391？？
[47]
26 Wang L H, Rothberg K G, Anderson R G. Mis-assembly of clathrin lattices on endosomes reveals a regulatory switch for coated pit formation.J Cell Biol, 1993, 123: 1107-1117？？
[48]
27 Elferink J G. Chlorpromazine inhibits phagocytosis and exocytosis in rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Biochem Pharmacol, 1979, 28:965-968？？
[49]
28 Watanabe S, Hirose M, Miyazaki A, et al. Calmodulin antagonists inhibit the phagocytic activity of cultured Kupffer cells. Lab Invest, 1988,59: 214-218
[50]
29 Lajoie P, Nabi I R. Regulation of raft-dependent endocytosis. J Cell Mol Med, 2007, 11: 644-653？？
[51]
30 Kitajima Y, Sekiya T, and Nozawa Y. Freeze-fracture ultrastructural alterations induced by filipin, pimaricin, nystatin and amphotericin B inthe plasmia membranes of Epidermophyton, Saccharomyces and red complex-induced membrane lesions. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1976, 455:452-465？？
[52]
31 Kilsdonk E P, Yancey P G, Stoudt G W. Cellular cholesterol efflux mediated by cyclodextrins. J Biol Chem, 1995, 270: 17250-17256？？
