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湘江藻类水华结构特征及对重金属的积累

DOI: 10.1360/052011-106, PP. 669-677

Keywords: 硅藻,颗粒浮生直链藻,生物富集,湘江水华,重金属

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Abstract:

2010年9月下旬,湘江中下游发生藻类水华,严重影响了沿线居民的生活.采集湘江上游永州、中游衡阳与下游株洲、湘潭、长沙段水样,对此次水华期间浮游植物群落结构、优势种类进行了调查分析,并测定其对湘江金属离子的积累,进行小鼠生物毒性实验,旨在评价此类水华是否将对湘江水生生态系统及人体健康构成威胁.结果表明:(1)光学显微镜与扫描电子显微镜分析,此次水华为硅藻门颗粒浮生直链藻(Aulacoseiragranulata)水华.湘潭和长沙段水华最为严重,藻细胞数均达到1.3×105丝状体/L,长沙段叶绿素a含量达0.04mg/L;(2)湘江颗粒浮生直链藻对金属离子Al,Fe和Mn富集量分别达到4.4×103,768.4和138.7mg/kg干重,富集系数分别为4.0×105,7.7×105和3.2×103;其对高毒重金属Pb富集量为19.2mg/kg干重,富集系数为9.6×103;(3)小鼠生物毒性实验证实,湘江重金属污染条件下颗粒浮生直链藻水华存在一定生物毒性,全组份组LD50为384mg/kg,95%可信限介于228.5~646.3mg/kg之间,对湘江水生生态系统及沿线居民健康造成了威胁.

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