全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

农业景观中不同生境界面麦蚜天敌的边缘效应与溢出效应

DOI: 10.1360/052012-184, PP. 825-840

Keywords: 边缘效应,溢出效应,尺度,界面,麦田,生境管理

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

边缘效应与溢出效应是近几年来生境管理研究的关键问题.为探讨这2种效应对麦蚜天敌种群动态及群落结构的影响,以及揭示农业景观中天敌的生物控害作用和探索及利用途径,本文设计5种不同的麦田生境界面,包括麦田-苜蓿草地、麦田-农田防护林,麦田-田埂、麦田-作物以及麦田-裸地.利用陷阱法、网捕法以及定点采集等方法调查5种不同生境界面中麦蚜天敌的丰富度和多度,并分析其种群及群落的边缘效应以及溢出效应.结果表明,非作物生境是多种麦蚜天敌的种群资源库,尤其是苜蓿草地、农田防护林以及田埂,这3类非作物生境在维持天敌种类和数量中发挥着重要的作用和功能.苜蓿草地储存大量的天敌资源如寄生蜂、瓢虫、食蚜蝇等,而且在生境界面上存在着明显的溢出效应.当麦田麦蚜爆发时,大量天敌从邻近的苜蓿生境区涌入麦田,实现对麦蚜有效的生物控害功能.农田防护林-麦田与田埂-麦田两种界面上麦蚜天敌如步甲与蜘蛛存在明显的边缘效应.然而,麦田-作物和麦田-裸地的两种界面上没有明显的边缘效应和溢出效应,作物和裸地这2种生境不能发挥维持天敌种群及群落的作用.通过分析边缘效应与溢出效应的尺度问题,结果显示,影响麦田天敌种群分布的尺度在30m左右,超过30m的区域边缘效应以及溢出效应不明显.这些研究结果可以为实现生物控害功能的农业景观格局规划与设计提供重要的理论基础,也可以为害虫种群控制提供新的思路和方法.

References

[1]  1 Tscharntke T, Steffan-Dewenter I, Kruss A, et al. Characteristics of insect populations on habitat fragments: A mini review. Ecol Res, 2002, 17: 229-239??
[2]  2 Ewers R M, Didham R K. Pervasive impact of large-scale edge effects on a beetle community. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2008, 105: 5426-5429??
[3]  3 Tscharntke T, Rand T A, Bianchi F J J A. The landscape context of tritrophic interaction: Insect spillover across the crop-noncrop interface. Ann Zool Fenn, 2005, 42: 421-432
[4]  4 Landis D A, Wratten S D, Gurr G M. Habitat management to conserve natural enemies of arthropod pests in agriculture. Annu Rev of Entomol, 2000, 45: 175-201??
[5]  5 Thies C, Roschewitz I, Tscharntke T. The landscape context of cereal aphid-parasitoid interaction. P Roy Soc Lond B Bio, 2005, 272: 203-210??
[6]  6 Thies C, Steffan-Dewenter I, Tscharntke T. Effects of landscape context on herbivory and parasitism at different spatial scales. Oikos, 2003, 101: 18-25??
[7]  7 刘雨芳, 古德祥, 张古忍. 广东双季稻区杂草地和稻田中捕食性节肢动物的群落动态. 昆虫学报, 2003, 46: 591-597
[8]  8 林胜, 杨广, 尤民生, 等. 多作稻田生态系统对稻纵卷叶螟及其天敌功能团的影响. 昆虫学报, 2010, 53: 754-766
[9]  9 张娟, 梁广文, 曾玲. 不同稻菜邻作模式对稻纵卷叶螟、稻飞虱及其捕食性天敌的影响. 生态学杂志, 2011, 30: 281-289
[10]  10 Elliott N C, Kieckhefer R W, Michels G J, et al. Predator abundance in alfalfa fields in relation to aphids, within-field vegetation, and landscape matrix. Environ Entomol, 2002, 31: 253-260??
[11]  11 Jonsson M, Wratten S D, Landis D A, et al. Recent advances in conservation biological control of aphropods by aphropods. Biol Control, 2000, 45: 172-175
[12]  12 Garratt M P, Wright D J, Leather S R. The effects of organic and conventional fertilizers on cereal aphids and their natural enemies. Agr Forest Entomol, 2010, 12: 307-318
[13]  13 Tscharntke T, Bommarco R, Clough Y, et al. Conservation biological control and enemy diversity on a landscape scale. Biol Control, 2007, 43: 294-309??
[14]  14 赵紫华, 石云, 贺达汉, 等. 不同农业景观结构对麦蚜种群动态的影响. 生态学报, 2010, 30: 6380-6388
[15]  15 赵紫华, 杭佳, 石云, 等. 设施农业景观下破碎化麦田麦蚜及寄生蜂种群的最小适生面积. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22: 206-214
[16]  16 Brewer M J, Elliott N C. Biological control of cereal aphids in North America and mediating effects of host plant and habitat manipulation. Annu Rev Entomol, 2004, 49: 219-242??
[17]  17 Brewer M J, Noma T, Elliott N C, et al. A landscape view of cereal aphid parasitoid dynamics reveals sensitivity to farm-and region-scale vegetation structure. Eur J Entomol, 2008, 105: 503-511
[18]  18 Schmidt M H, Thewes U, Thies C, et al. Aphid suppression by natural enemies in mulched cereals. Entomol Exp Appl, 2004, 113: 87-93??
[19]  19 黄顶成, 张润志, 董兆克, 等. 小麦和牧草上的蚜虫与天敌种群动态及其相互关系. 环境昆虫学报, 2008, 30: 325-330
[20]  20 Roschewitz I, Hucker M, Tscharntke T, et al. The influence of landscape context and farming practices on parasitism of cereal aphids. Agr Ecosyst Environ, 2005, 108: 218-227??
[21]  33 赵紫华, 王颖, 贺达汉, 等. 麦蚜和寄生蜂对农业景观格局的响应及其关键景观因子分析. 生态学报, 2012, 32: 472-482
[22]  34 赵紫华, 关晓庆, 贺达汉. 农业景观结构对麦蚜寄生蜂群落组成的影响. 应用昆虫学报, 2012, 49: 220-228
[23]  21 周海波, 陈巨莲, 程登发, 等. 小麦间作豌豆对麦长管蚜及其主要天敌种群动态的影响. 昆虫学报, 2009, 52: 775-782
[24]  22 Schmidt M H, Roschewitz I, Thies C, et al. Differential effects of landscape and management on diversity and density of ground-dwelling farmland spiders. J App Ecol, 2005, 42: 281-287??
[25]  23 Lee J H, Elliott N C, Kindler S D, et al. Natural enemies impact on the Russian wheat aphid in Southeastern Colorado. Environ Entomol, 2005, 34: 115-123??
[26]  24 Leslie T W, Van Der Werf W, Bianchif F J J A, et al. Population dynamics of cereal aphids: influence of a shared predator and weather. Agr Forest Entomol, 2009, 11: 79-82
[27]  25 Levie A, Dogot P, Hance T. Release of Aphidius rhopalosiphi (Hymenoptera: Aphidiinae)for cereal aphid control: field cage experiments. Eur J Entomol, 2000, 97: 527-531
[28]  26 Legrand M A, Colinet H, Vernon P, et al. Autumn, winter and spring dynamics of aphid Sitobion avenae and parasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi interactions. Annu Appl Biol, 2004, 145: 139-144??
[29]  27 Tscharntke T, Bommarco R, Clough Y, et al. Conservation biological control and enemy diversity on a landscape scale. Biol Control, 2007, 43: 294-209??
[30]  28 Schmidt M H, Lauer A, Purtauf T, et al. Relative importance of predators and parasitoids for cereal aphid control. P Roy Soc Lomd B Bio, 2003, 270: 1905-1909??
[31]  29 Langer A, Hance T. Enhancing parasitism of wheat aphids through apparent competition: A tool for biological control. Agr Ecosyst Environ, 2004, 102: 205-212??
[32]  30 Elliott N C, Tao F L, Giles K L, et al. Ground beetle density in Oklahoma winter wheat fields. Southwestern Entomol, 2006, 31: 121-128
[33]  31 Cronin J T. Habitat edges, within-patch dispersion of hosts, and parasitoid oviposition behavior. Ecology, 2009, 90: 196-207??
[34]  32 Zhao Z H, He D H, Hui C. From the inverse density-area relationship to the minimum patch size of a host-parasitoid system. Ecol Res, 2012, 27: 303-308??

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133