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无意识接受策略在挫折情景下的情绪调节效应:行为与生理证据

DOI: 10.1360/N052014-00123, PP. 84-95

Keywords: 接受策略,无意识,情绪调节,挫折情景,心率

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Abstract:

由于无意识调节过程具有节省认知资源的特征,本研究假设无意识接受策略相比有意识接受策略能更加有效地调控负性事件的情绪影响.实验以挫折任务诱发负面情绪同时记录被试的主观情绪体验与情绪相关的生理变化(心率).被试被随机分为控制组、有意识接受组和无意识接受组.结果显示,无意识接受组和有意识接受组在情绪体验上存在显著差异:在挫折诱发阶段有意识接受组比无意识接受组出现了更多正性情绪指标的下降.此外,相对于控制组,挫折情景下有意识接受和无意识接受都显著降低了被试情绪相关的心率活动水平;但两者的调节水平无显著差异.并且,心率活动水平可预测主观情绪体验强度:控制组的心率变化值与负性情绪变化值存在正相关关系,与正性情绪指标变化值存在负相关趋势.因此,在挫折情景下,无意识接受策略不仅能有效降低情绪相关的生理活动水平,且相比有意识接受策略对主观情绪体验具有更好的调节效果.这提示,无意识接受策略对于现实生活中的情绪调节具有重要启示意义.

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