1 Nishimura T B. Tree characteristics related to stem breakage of Picea glehnii and Abies sachalinensis. For Ecol Manage, 2005, 215: 295-306
[2]
2 Bragg D C, Shelton M G, Zeide B. Impacts and management implications of ice storms on forests in the southern United States. For Ecol Manage, 2003, 186: 99-123
[3]
3 Nyk?nenet M, Peltola H, Quine C, et al. Factors affecting snow damage of trees with particular reference to European conditions. Silva Fenn, 1997, 2: 193-213
[4]
4 Pisaric M F, King D J, Macintosh A J, et al. Impact of the 1998 ice storm on the health and growth of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) dominated forests in Gatineau Park, Quebec 1. J Torrey Bot Soc, 2008, 135: 530-539
[5]
5 Warrillow M, Mou P. Ice storm damage to forest tree species in the ridge and valley region of southwestern Virginia. J Torrey Bot Soc, 1999, 126: 147-158
[6]
6 Benzhi Z, Mukui Y, Yonghui C, et al. Impact of the 2008 ice storm on China''s forests. 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection (ISWREP), 2011 May 20-22, Xi''an. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2011, 4: 5
[7]
7 Rhoads A G, Hamburg S P, Fahey T J, et al. Effects of an intense ice storm on the structure of a northern hardwood forest. Can J For Res, 2002, 32: 1763-1775
[8]
8 Smith K. Environmental Hazards: Assessing Risk and Reducing Disaster. London: Routledge, 1996
27 Roberts E G, Clapp R T. Effect of pruning on the recovery of ice bent slash pines. J Forest, 1956, 54: 596-597
[26]
28 Wonkka C L, Lafon C W, Hutton C M, et al. A CSR classification of tree life history strategies and implicationsfor ice storm damage. Oikos, 2013, 122: 209-222
[27]
29 De Steven D, Kline J, Matthiae P E. Long-term changes in a Wisconsin Fagus-Acer forest in relation to glaze storm disturbance. J Veg Sci, 1991, 2: 201-208
[28]
30 Duguay S M, Arii K, Hooper M, et al. Ice storm damage and early recovery in an old-growth forest. Environ Monit Assess, 2001, 67: 97-108
36 Petty J A, Worrell R. Stability of coniferous tree stems in relation to damage by snow. Forestry, 1981, 54: 115-128
[35]
37 Cremer K W, Borough C J, McKinnell F H, et al. Effects of stocking and thinning on wind damage in[pine] plantations. New Zeal J For Sci, 1982, 12: 244-268
[36]
38 Peterson C J. Within-stand variation in windthrow in southern boreal forests of Minnesota: is it predictable? Can J For Res, 2004, 34: 365-375
[37]
39 Everham E M, Brokaw N. Forest damage and recovery from catastrophic wind. Bot Rev, 1996, 62: 113-185
[38]
40 Zhu J J, Li X F, Liu Z G, et al. Factors affecting the snow and wind induced damage of a montane secondary forest in northeastern China. Silva Fenn, 2006, 40: 37-51
[39]
41 Peltola H, Nyk?nen M, Kellom?ki S. Model computations on the critical combination of snow loading and windspeed for snow damage of Scots pine, Norway spruce and Birch sp. at stand edge. For Ecol Manage, 1997, 95: 229-241
[40]
42 Webb S. Windstorm damage and micro site colonization in two Minnesota forests. Can J For Res, 1988, 18: 1186-1195
[41]
43 Matlack G R, Gleeson S, Good R. Tree fall in a mixed oak-pine coastal plain forest: immediate and historical causation. Ecology, 1993, 74: 1559-1566
[42]
44 Peterson C J. Catastrophic wind damage to North American forests and the potential impact of climate change. Sci Total Environ, 2000, 262: 287-311
[43]
45 Van Dyke O. A literature Review of Ice Storm Impact on Forests in Eastern North America. SCSS Technical Report No. 112. Toronto: Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, 1999
[44]
46 Beach R H, Sills E O, Liu T, et al. The influence of forest management on vulnerability of forests to severe weather. In: Pye J M, Rauscher H M, Sands Y, et al, tech. eds. Advances in Threat Assessment and Their Application to Forest and Rangeland Management. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, General Technical Report PNW-GTR-802, September 2010
[45]
47 Bruederle L P, Stearns F W. Ice storm damage to a southern Wisconsin mesic forest. Bull Torrey Bot Club, 1985, 112: 167-175
[46]
48 Hough A F. What a glaze storm brings. Pennsylvania Forest, 1965, 33: 4-5
[47]
49 Wang Y, Wang Y S. Biomass-dependent susceptibility to drought in experimental grassland communities. Ecol Lett, 2007, 10: 401-410
[48]
50 Lemon P C. Forest ecology of ice storms. Bull Torrey Bot Club, 1961, 88: 21-29
[49]
51 Gill D. Snow damage to boreal mixedwood stands in northern Alberta. Forestry Chron, 1974, 50: 70-73
[50]
52 Bond W J, Midgley J J. Ecology of sprouting in woody plants: the persistence niche. Trends Ecol Evol, 2001, 16: 45-51
[51]
53 Espelta J M, Retana J, Habrouk A. Resprouting patterns after fire and response to stool cleaning of two coexisting Mediterranean oaks with contrasting leaf habits on two different sites. For Ecol Manage, 2003, 179: 401-414
[52]
54 Hodgkinson K C. Sprouting success of shrubs after fire: height-dependent relationships for different strategies. Oecologia, 1998, 115: 64-72
[53]
55 Bellingham P J, Sparrow A D. Resprouting as a life history strategy in woody plant communities. Oikos, 2000, 89: 409-416
[54]
56 Luoga E J, Witkowski E, Balkwill K. Differential utilization and ethnobotany of trees in Kitulanghalo forest reserve and surrounding communal lands, eastern Tanzania. Econ Bot, 2000, 54: 328-343