Evolutionary Ecology Models of Weed Life History

The limitations of demographic models as well as the opportunities of evolutionary models are reviewed. Flaws associated with demographic models include the confounding effects of plant architecture, representation of heterogeneous individuals in populations, and changes in deme membership confounding covariance structure. Trait-based evolutionary models include FoxPatch which represents weedy Setaria spp. seed behavior with explicit life history process prediction rules and algorithms.