Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an effective intervention for prehospital cardiac arrest. Despite all available training opportunities for CPR, disparities exist in participation in CPR training, CPR knowledge, and receipt of bystander CPR for certain ethnic groups. We conducted five focus groups with Chinese immigrants who self-reported limited English proficiency (LEP). A bilingual facilitator conducted all the sessions. All discussions were taped, recorded, translated, and transcribed. Transcripts were analyzed by content analysis guided by the theory of diffusion. The majority of participants did not know of CPR and did not know where to get trained. Complexity of CPR procedure, advantages of calling 9-1-1, lack of confidence, and possible liability discourage LEP individuals to learn CPR. LEP individuals welcome simplified Hands-Only CPR and are willing to perform CPR with instruction from 9-1-1 operators. Expanding the current training to include Hands-Only CPR and dispatcher-assisted CPR may motivate Chinese LEP individuals to get trained for CPR. 1. Introduction In the United States, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest continues to be an important public health problem. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), in use for fifty years, is the most effective intervention for pre-hospital cardiac arrest [1–4]. Being an integral part of the “chain of survival,” high-quality CPR can improve out-of-hospital survival rate [5]. CPR can be effectively taught to lay persons as an intervention for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest to initiate resuscitation and “buy time” in the early minutes after cardiac arrest before the arrival of emergency medical services. It is estimated that one life is saved for every 24–36 persons who receive bystander CPR [2, 6]. Public CPR training and instruction has been offered to the general public in different ways. Most notably are formal classes conducted by the American Heart Association and the Red Cross, fire departments, workplaces, schools, and dispatcher-assisted CPR delivered by 9-1-1 operators at the time of the cardiac arrest. Despite all of these available opportunities, the proportion of citizens trained to perform CPR is small and many are unfamiliar with bystander CPR [7–9]. Studies have shown that CPR training does not reach desirable target populations in large numbers [10–12]. The recent new guidelines provided by the American Heart Association to include Hands-Only CPR expands current strategies to disseminate CPR training [13]. Modification of CPR by eliminating mouth-to-mouth ventilation, which is often
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