Objectives. This study evaluated IL-17 and IL-11 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) patients in relation to periodontopathic bacteria. Subjects and Methods. GCF samples were collected from 65 subjects including 25 CP, 25 GAgP, and 15 controls (C) and analyzed for IL-17 and IL-11 by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Molecular detection of bacteria in the dental plaque was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Results. The total amount of IL-17 was significantly higher in GAgP group than in GCP and C groups . The IL-11 concentration was significantly higher in C and GCP groups than GAgP group . The IL-11/IL-17 ratio was significantly higher in the C group than in GCP and GAgP groups . Moreover, GAgP group showed lower ratios of IL-11/IL-17 when compared to GCP group. The high positivity of P. gingivalis in the dental plaque was associated with significantly increased GCF levels of IL-17 in GCP and GAgP patients. Conclusions. The increased IL-17 level in GCF of GAgP suggests a potential role in the aetiopathogenesis. Meanwhile, the decreased ratio of IL-11/IL-17 might reflect an imbalance between the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in different periodontal diseases. 1. Introduction Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by destruction of tooth-supporting tissues [1]. The red-complex bacteria including, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola were shown to have the closest association with the severity of periodontitis [2, 3] besides this group, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Prevotella intermedia. A complex cytokine network is synthesized in response to these periodontopathogenic bacteria [4] and plays an important role in periodontal disease [5]. The structure of bioactive bacterial compounds differs substantially between different bacteria and subsequently resulting in differences in cytokine production [6]. Exciting new evidence has emerged introducing a novel subset of T-helper (Th) lymphocytes termed “Th17” [7]. The role of Th17 cells and their specific cytokines (IL-17) in periodontal disease is just beginning to be investigated [8]. IL-17 is a proinflammatory cytokine that stimulates a variety of cells to produce inflammatory mediators such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α [9]. Although Th17 pathways are mostly associated with protection against bacteria via recruitment of phagocytes [10], they have also been proposed to enhance alveolar bone resorption [11]. Previous studies
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