Théorèmes d'équidistribution pour les systèmes dynamiques d'origine arithmétique

This survey article is about algebraic dynamics. It is mainly concerned by the arithmetic equidistribution theorems featured by dynamical systems. The contents are: - heights - algebraic dynamics, conjectures - equidistribution theorem on the projective line (after Bilu and Baker). It was written for the sesion 2006 of \'Etats de la recherche, Syst\`emes dynamiques polynomiaux.