Fossil Evidence for the Two-phase Formation of Elliptical Galaxies

Massive early-type galaxies have undergone dramatic structural evolution over the last 10 Gyr. A companion paper shows that nearby elliptical galaxies with M*>1.3x10^{11} M_sun generically contain three photometric subcomponents: a compact inner component with effective radius Re<1 kpc, an intermediate-scale middle component with Re~2.5 kpc, and an extended outer envelope with $R_e \approx 10$ kpc. Here we attempt to relate these substructures with the properties of early-type galaxies observed at higher redshifts. We find that a hypothetical structure formed from combining the inner plus the middle components of local ellipticals follows a strikingly tight stellar mass-size relation, one that resembles the distribution of early-type galaxies at z~1.5. Outside of the central kpc, the median stellar mass surface density profiles of this composite structure agree closest with those of massive galaxies that have similar cumulative number density at 1.5