Band bending at interfaces between topological insulator Bi2Se3 and transition metals

Interfaces between exfoliated topological insulator Bi2Se3 and several transition metals deposited by sputtering were studied by XPS, SIMS, UPS and contact I-V measurements. Chemically clean interfaces can be achieved when coating Bi2Se3 with a transition metal layer as thin as 1 nm, even without capping. Most interestingly, UPS spectra suggest depletion or inversion in the originally n-type topological insulator near the interface. Strong band bending in the topological insulator requires careful material engineering or electric biasing if one desires to make use of the spin locking in surface states in the bulk gap for potential spintronic applications