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Physics 2001
A Physical Explanation for Tilde System in Thermo Field DynamicsDOI: 10.1142/S0217732301003607 Abstract: For a two-body quantum system, any pure state can be represented by a biorthogonal expression by means of Schmidt decomposition. Using this in the composite system which include a thermodynamic system and its surroundings, it is found that the tilde system in thermo field dynamics is just the surroundings of the real system.
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