Topological Charge Analysis of Single Skyrmion Creation with a Nanosecond Current Pulse

Magnetic skyrmions have been proposed for applications in future information storage because of their small size, their stability, and their facile movement with low current. For such purposes, the ability to create single skyrmions is required, and an understanding of the process of skyrmion creation and decay is highly desirable. Here we numerically show that the location and the moment of skyrmion creation or annihilation can be precisely controlled by a nanosecond unpolarized current pulse. To analyze the microscopic process, we employ a lattice version of the topological charge. It provides a clear picture of spin trajectories and orientations that locally trigger a topological transition, and it reveals the topological origin of a skyrmion's stability at finite temperatures. The robustness and experimental feasibility of the proposed mechanism are numerically examined.