Relativity of Motion in Vacuum

The existence of vacuum fluctuations leads to reconsider the question of relativity of motion. The present article is devoted to this aim with a main line which can be formulated as follows: ``The principle of relativity of motion is directly related to symmetries of quantum vacuum''. Keeping close to this statement, we discuss the controversial relation between vacuum and motion. We introduce the question of relativity of motion in its historical development before coming to the results obtained more recently.