Optimization of the Nutritional Parameters for Enhanced Production of B. subtilis SPB1 Biosurfactant in Submerged Culture Using Response Surface Methodology
Nutritional requirements can contribute considerably to the production cost and the bioprocess economics. Media optimisation using response surface methodology is one of the used methods to ameliorate the bioprocess economics. In the present study, biosurfactant production by Bacillus subtilis SPB1 was effectively enhanced by response surface methodology. A Plackett-Burman-based statistical screening procedure was adopted to determine the most important factor affecting lipopeptide production. Eleven variables are screened and results show that glucose, K2HPO4, and urea concentrations influence the most biosurfactant production. A Central Composite Design was conducted to optimize the three selected factors. Statistical analyses of the data of model fitting were done by using NemrodW. Results show a maximum predicted biosurfactant concentration of 2.93？(±0.32)？g/L when using 15？g/L glucose, 6？g/L urea, and 1？g/L K2HPO4. The predicted value is approximately 1.65 much higher than the original production determined by the conventional one-factor-at-a-time optimization method. 1. Introduction Biosurfactants are surface active compounds with widely varied structures. They correspond to amphiphilic molecules with a hydrophilic (amino acids, peptides, anionic or cationic, di-or polysaccharides) and a hydrophobic (saturated or unsaturated fatty acid) moieties, which are synthesised by a wide spectrum of microorganisms [1]. They are categorized mainly by their chemical composition and their microbial origin. Consequently, the major classes of biosurfactants include glycolipids, lipopeptides and lipoproteins, phospholipids and fatty acids, polymeric surfactants, and particulate surfactants [1]. Predominantly, biosurfactants are synthetised by a variety of microorganisms during growth on water-immiscible substrates [1]. They have several properties, increasing the surface and interfacial tension between surface and interface, respectively, with very low critical micelle concentration, none toxicity and highly biodegradability and tolerating extreme conditions such as high temperature value, extreme pH, and high salinity [2]. Furthermore, biosurfactants offer numerous biological activities for increasing commercial importance. For this reasons, in the past few decades, they showed great economic interest, specifically, in environmental field as a biocontrol agent and for their insecticide activity, in bioremediation for their role in hydrocarbon contaminant biodegradation and sequestering; in chemical industry, food processing, food additives, cosmetic, and
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