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冰川冻土  2013 

1961-2009年西北地区基于SPI指数的干旱时空变化特征

DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2013.0106, PP. 938-948

Keywords: SPI,西北地区,时空特征

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Abstract:

利用西北五省区137个测站的1961-2009年逐月降水量资料计算标准化降水指数(SPI),统计了逐月、春末夏初、初夏、夏季及秋季的干旱、重旱、特旱的频率及面积率,分析其时空变化特征.结果表明新疆北部、青海的中部及甘肃河西是西北地区干旱频率较高的区域,干旱频率在15个月以上,新疆南部除个别月份干旱发生频率较高外,总体干旱发生频率较低;干旱发生区域随月份有由南到北、由西向东变化的趋势;除新疆、青海、及甘肃个别区域重旱频率超过5月外,其他区域基本上都在5月以下;新疆南部重旱频率仍然较低;夏季发生范围高于其他季节;新疆北部、甘肃河西是特旱的高发区.不同等级的月及季节干旱面积率其逐年变化具有相似的特征,西北干旱面积率的变化总体上可以分为3个阶段1961-1980年干旱面积率比较高,平均在35%左右;1981-1990年为转折期,干旱面积率下降到15%左右;而1991-2009年为稳定期,干旱面积率变化不大.全球气候变暖导致西北地区降水量、冰川融水量、河川径流量增加和湖泊水位上升、面积扩大,是1987年以来干旱面积率下降的原因.

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