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冰川冻土  2013 

内蒙古干旱半干旱带2012年“7·20”极端暴雨事件的特征及成因

DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2013.0100, PP. 883-891

Keywords: 内蒙古,干旱-半干旱地带,2012年“7·,20”极端降水,特征,成因

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Abstract:

2012年7月下旬,处于内陆干旱-半干旱地带的内蒙古中-西部地区出现了有气象记录以来的极端降水事件,使该区气象与气候预测面临新问题.7月20日河套地区出现大范围暴雨天气,其中两个台站日降水量超历史极值,一个台站超历史阈值,属极端天气事件.利用常规及精细化监测资料和NCEP再分析资料对此次极端降水天气事件进行分析.结果表明从天气背景看,贝加尔湖低槽内冷空气侵入副高西侧的暖空气中,在对流层低层激发出低涡系统,低涡前侧的南风急流使南来水汽到达41°N以北,并在河套地区聚集.对流层低层水汽通量维持在8~10g·cm-1·hPa-1·s-1,大气比湿达12~17g·kg-1,为极端降水事件提供了丰沛的水汽.该事件是通过MCC强烈发展形成的,河套西北部不断有中尺度对流系统MCS发展东移,河套南部新生的β中尺度系统发展并入MCS中,MCS系统发展为中尺度对流复合体MCC,MCC中心的TBB值达-40~-83℃.近地面雷达监测显示,河套东北部、中部存在强雷达回波群,回波群内对流单体中心的反射率因子均达到50~55dbz,构成超级对流单体.地面上,不断新生的中尺度辐合线长时间存在于河套东北部并促发对流性暴雨.暴雨前期对流层低层增温作用显著,中高层

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