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冰川冻土  2014 

中国现代冰川平衡线分布特征与末次冰期平衡线下降值研究

DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2014.0002, PP. 9-19

Keywords: 冰川平衡线高度(ELAs),末次冰期,中国西部,中国东部

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Abstract:

青藏高原及周边山地拥有地球上最高大且最广阔的高山高原,是除两极外最大的现代冰川作用中心,这也使得中国成为中低纬度地区现代冰川最发育的国家之一.现代冰川平衡线分布具有纬度地带性特征,在青藏高原上还呈不对称的环状.根据相关研究资料估算,中国末次冰期最盛期时的冰川面积约为50×104km2,是现代的8.4倍.基于平衡线处年降水量和夏季平均气温(6-8月)之间的相关关系重建的中国西部(105°E以西)末次冰期最盛期时的平衡线分布图与现代的相似.在青藏高原内部与西北部,平衡线下降值在500m以内,小的仅为200~300m;在青藏高原东南边缘下降值约800m,最大可达1000~1200m.天山与阿尔泰山平衡线下降值均在500m左右.中国东部(105°E以东)没有发育现代冰川,仅有数处中高山地,如贺兰山、太白山、长白山与台湾山地保存有确切的末次冰期冰川地形,末次冰期最盛期时的平衡线下降800~900m,大于青藏高原、天山与阿尔泰山地区的下降值.根据中国东部末次冰期的平衡线分布图以及相关的古气候与古环境研究资料,海拔2000m以下的中低山地在第四纪期间任何一次冰川作用中都不具备冰川发育所需的地势条件.

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