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冰川冻土  2005 

青藏高原冻融荒漠化的若干问题——以藏西-藏北荒漠化区为例

, PP. 476-485

Keywords: 青藏高原,冻融荒漠化,景观特征,形成过程,发展趋势

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Abstract:

冻融荒漠化是高海拔地区特有的土地退化过程,依据生态基准面理论将青藏高原冻融荒漠化划分为极重度、重度、中度和轻度4个等级.藏西-藏北区冻融荒漠化面积达44303.73km2,多呈斑块状零星分布和片状分散分布.高原冻土区具有冻融荒漠化形成的环境基质,近40a区域气候持续变暖,人为活动频率与强度加剧,鼠类活动猖獗,使浅层多年冻土的冻融过程加剧,从而形成冻融荒漠化土地.其形成过程主要有多年冻土季节融化层增厚—地下水位下降—地表土壤干燥化、地表覆盖改变或地下融水增加—冻土融冻界面热融—地表沉陷破碎、冻融作用过程和斜坡过程受到强化等.预测未来20~30a冻融荒漠化继续发展,程度加重.防治冻融荒漠化的对策主要是减轻草场压力、恢复草地植被,加强鼠害防治和合理布局开发工程、采用工程与生物措施等.

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