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冰川冻土  2005 

塔里木河流域2003年“四源一干”河川径流及输水运行分析

, PP. 715-722

Keywords: 塔里木河,河川径流,输水运行,2003年

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Abstract:

2003年塔里木河四条源流出山口天然径流量258.21×108m3,偏多12.8%,属偏丰水年.阿拉尔站以上的三条源流(阿克苏河、叶尔羌河、和田河)出山口天然径流量为221.19×108m3,偏多14.0%,属偏丰水年;开都河孔雀河为37.02×108m3,偏多6.0%,属平略偏丰水年.四条源流入塔里木河总水量为47.66×108m3,占出山口天然径流总量的18.5%.阿拉尔站以上三条源流入塔里木河水量为44.08×108m3,占三条源流出山口天然径流总量的19.9%,叶尔羌河是惟一无水输入塔里木河的源流.2003年塔里木河干流上游段耗水量20.51×108m3,是干流最大的耗水区段,中游段耗水量16.89×108m3,下游段耗水量11.16×108m3.上、中游耗水量在减少,下游耗水量在增加.从2003年3月3日至7月11日第5次应急输水历时132d,从博斯腾湖调水入塔河干流水量3.58×108m3,而塔河干流到达恰拉水量7.58×108m3,干流来水量继2002年后再次超过了博斯腾湖调水量.可以确定,2002年塔里木河向下游输水属于由博斯腾湖调水为主转为干流为主的转折年份,但是2003年干流向下游输水的比例更高.2003年大西海子水库向最下游下泄水量为3.455×108m3,首次打通了145km的老塔里木河,采取其文阔尔河和老塔里木河双河道输水,水再次流到塔里木河尾闾——台特玛湖,加上车尔臣河水的汇入,年内在台特玛湖区最大形成了约200km2的水面.长期确保向塔河下游输水以干流来水为主,加大对塔河的综合治理,特别要加大对干流上游段和主要源流区的综合治理.

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