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冰川冻土  2014 

塔里木河源区托什干河流域积雪动态及融雪径流模拟与预估

DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2014.0181, PP. 1508-1516

Keywords: 塔里木河,托什干河流域,度日因子,融雪径流模型(SRM),气候变化,RCP

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Abstract:

利用已被广泛使用的MODIS积雪数据,获得了塔里木河源区之一的托什干河流域积雪变化信息.结果表明流域积雪覆盖率时空差异显著,在积雪丰富的年份,1月积雪覆盖率可达90%以上,但在积雪少的年份,则只有50%;2000年以来流域积雪呈现微弱增加的趋势,积雪变化趋势呈现明显的时空差异.相对于其他季节,流域冬季积雪增加更为明显;与其他高度带相比,作为主要积雪覆盖区的海拔3000~4000m高度带积雪的增加趋势也更为明显.以流域所在的气象格网数据和积雪覆盖率变化曲线作为输入数据,应用融雪径流模型(SRM)模拟了流域春季融雪径流过程,率定了模型主要参数,获得了较好的结果.以CMIP5的3种RCP情景为驱动数据,应用模型预估了流域2021-2050年的融雪径流状况,结果显示4月之前径流变化不明显,之后径流峰值增大显著,不同气候情景对径流的影响不明显.

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