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冰川冻土  2014 

天山中部典型流域冰川变化及对气候的响应

DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2014.0164, PP. 1376-1384

Keywords: 冰川变化,玛纳斯河流域,开都河流域,气温,降水

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Abstract:

利用2000年的Landsat5遥感数据、1970年和2009年的冰川编目数据,对天山中段南坡开都河流域和北坡玛纳斯河流域的冰川变化进行了对比分析,并结合地面气象站点数据分析了冰川对气候变化的响应及南北坡冰川变化的差异性.研究表明1970-2009年间,两流域冰川面积减少了494.33km2,占总面积的26.8%(0.8%·a-1);冰川储量减少了32.73km3,占总储量的27.9%(0.8%·a-1).其中,2000-2009年冰川面积和冰储量年退缩率(1.3%·a-1)比1970-2000年(0.6%·a-1)大;冰储量减少的速率略大于面积缩小的速率,说明冰川面积缩小的同时,其厚度在迅速减薄.1970-2000年和2000-2009年间,玛纳斯河流域的冰川年均面积退缩率分别为0.5%·a-1和1.4%·a-1,开都河流域的冰川年均面积退缩率为0.9%·a-1和1.1%·a-1,显示出玛纳斯河流域冰川在2000年后呈加速萎缩趋势.影响研究区冰川变化的主因是气温,而夏季升温幅度及降水的不同是造成南北坡冰川差异性变化的重要原因.

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