全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...
冰川冻土  2014 

阿尔泰山融雪期不同下垫面积雪特性观测与分析研究

DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2014.0059, PP. 491-499

Keywords: 阿尔泰山,季节性积雪,雪密度,液态水含量,积雪温度,Snow,Fork

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

2014年3月融雪期间在阿尔泰山额尔齐斯河河源区,基于已有的气象和积雪(雪深、雪密度)观测,利用SnowFork雪特性仪和便携式温度计TP3001,选择草地、水泥地和河冰三种不同的下垫面分别观测了分层积雪密度、液态水含量和雪层温度变化.结果表明三种下垫面上表层积雪的温度、液态水含量和密度变化规律基本一致.积雪特性的差异主要体现在积雪层底部,河冰和草地与积雪接触面温度日变化过程呈现出“单峰型”,而与水泥地接触面上的温度日变化呈现出“双峰型”;河冰上积雪底部的液态水含量最小且日变化幅度较小,草地次之,水泥上积雪底部液态水含量的波动最大;水泥和草地上底部积雪的密度变化趋势一致,为密实化过程,而河冰上积雪底部的积雪因深霜层的形成致使雪密度逐渐减小.对同一下垫面上的积雪而言,水泥和草地上积雪温度的极大值出现在雪层中间,河冰上雪层的温度廓线沿雪深有波动上升的趋势,最大值出现在积雪与河冰的接触面处.三种下垫面上积雪的液态水含量最大值均出现在中间雪层,雪密度均呈现沿雪深增加而递减的变化趋势.液态水含量受积雪温度的控制,当积雪温度低于-3℃时,积雪中的液态水可以忽略不计;当积雪温度低于-1℃时,积雪的液态水含量低于1%;当积雪温度大于-1℃时,积雪中出现液态水的比例显著增加,且液态水含量的波动范围较大,最高可到6.2%.

References

[1]  Barnett T P, Adam J C, Lettenmaier D P. Potential impacts of a warming climate on water availability in snow-dominated regions[J]. Nature, 2005, 438(7066): 303-309.
[2]  Bavay M, Gruenewald T, Lehning M. Response of snow cover and runoff to climate change in high Alpine catchments of Eastern Switzerland[J]. Advances in Water Resources, 2013, 55: 4-16.
[3]  Qin Dahe, Liu Shiyin, Li Peiji. Snow cover distribution, variability, and response to climate change in western China[J]. Journal of Climate, 2006, 19(9): 1820-1833.
[4]  Yang Zhenniang, Liu Xinren, Zeng Qunzhu, et al. Cold Region Hydrology in China[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2000. [杨针娘, 刘新仁, 曾群柱, 等. 中国寒区水文[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2000.]
[5]  Shen Yongping, Su Hongchao, Wang Guoya, et al. The responses of glacier and snow cover to climatic change in Xinjiang (I): Hydrological effects[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2013, 35(3): 513-527. [沈永平, 苏宏超, 王国亚, 等. 新疆冰川、积雪对气候变化的响应(I): 水文效应[J]. 冰川冻土, 2013, 35(3): 513-527.]
[6]  Hu Liequn, Li Shuai, Liang Fengchao. Analysis of the variation characteristics of snow covers in Xinjiang region during recent 50 years[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2013, 35(4): 793-800. [胡列群, 李帅, 梁凤超. 新疆区域近50 a积雪变化特征分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2013, 35(4): 793-800.]
[7]  Gao Pei, Wei Wenshou, Liu Mingzhe, et al. Snow density and liquid water content within the seasonal snow cover in the western Tianshan Mountains[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2010, 32(4): 786-793. [高培, 魏文寿, 刘明哲, 等. 天山西部季节性积雪密度及含水率的特性分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2010, 32(4): 786-793.]
[8]  Wei Yue, Chen Shujiang, Chen Xia. Analysis on the seasonal snow density change characteristics of North Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2010, 32(3): 519-523. [魏玥, 陈蜀江, 陈霞. 新疆北部地区季节性积雪密度变化特性分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2010, 32(3): 519-523.]
[9]  Lu Heng, Wei Wenshou, Liu Mingzhe, et al. Spatial and temporal distribution of snow temperature in forest of the western Tianshan Mountains, China[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2011, 31(12): 1541-1548. [陆恒, 魏文寿, 刘明哲, 等. 中国天山西部季节性森林积雪雪层温度时空分布特征[J]. 地理科学, 2011, 31(12): 1541-1548.]
[10]  Schweizer J, Jamieson J B, Schneebeli M. Snow avalanche formation[J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 2003, 41(4): 1016.
[11]  Schweizer J, Kronholm K, Jamieson J B, et al. Review of spatial variability of snowpack properties and its importance for avalanche formation[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2008, 51: 253-272.
[12]  Li Zhijun, Zhao Haiqing, Feng Enmin, et al. Time-space distribution of water content in the snow on Arctic sea ice surface in summer[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2007, 18(1): 24-28. [李志军, 赵海清, 冯恩民, 等. 北极夏季海冰表面积雪层内水分含量的时空分布[J]. 水科学进展, 2007, 18(1): 24-28.]
[13]  Zhao Halin, Zhou Ruilian, Zhao Yue. Snow Ecology[M]. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 2003. [赵哈林, 周瑞莲, 赵悦. 雪生态学[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 2003.]
[14]  Zhao Halin, Zhou Ruilian, Zhao Yue. Advance in snow ecology study in the world[J]. Advance in Earth Sciences, 2004, 19(2): 296-304. [赵哈林, 周瑞莲, 赵悦. 雪生态学研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2004, 19(2): 296-304.]
[15]  Lehning M, Bartelt P, Brown P, et al. A physical SNOWPACK model for the Swiss avalanche warning. Part III: Meteorological forcing, thin layer formation and evaluation[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2002, 35: 169-184.
[16]  Li Hongyi, Wang Jian. Key research topics and their advances on modeling snow hydrological processes[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2013, 35(2): 430-437. [李弘毅, 王建. 积雪水文模拟过程中的关键问题及其研究进展[J]. 冰川冻土, 2013, 35(2): 430-437.]
[17]  Jansson P-E. Simulation Model for Soil Water and Heat Conditions: Description of the SOIL Model[R]. Uppsala, Sweden: Division of Agricultural Hydrotechnics, Department of Soil Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 1991.
[18]  Sturm M, Holmgren J, Konig M, et al. The thermal conductivity of seasonal snow[J]. Journal of Glaciology, 1997, 43(143): 26-41.
[19]  Zhang Tingjun, Tong Boliang, Li Shude. Influence of snow cover on the lower limit of permafrost in Altai Mountains[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 1985, 7(1): 57-63. [张廷军, 童伯良, 李树德. 我国阿尔泰山地区雪盖对多年冻土下界的影响[J]. 冰川冻土, 1985, 7(1): 57-63.]
[20]  Tong Boliang, Li Shude, Zhang Tingjun. Frozen ground in the Altay Mountains of China[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 1986, 8(4): 357-364. [童伯良, 李树德, 张廷军. 中国阿尔泰山的冻土[J]. 冰川冻土, 1986, 8(4): 357-364.]
[21]  Liu Weimin, He Ping, Zhang Zhao. A calculation method of thermal conductivity of soils[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2002, 31(6): 770-773. [刘为民, 何平, 张钊. 土体导热系数的评价与计算[J]. 冰川冻土, 2002, 31(6): 770-773.]
[22]  Li Xiaojie. Heat transfer procedures and thermal design of lawn and concrete and tiled floor[J]. Shanxi Architecture, 2007, 33(23): 138-139. [李晓杰. 草坪和混凝土及砖地面的热过程与设计[J]. 山西建筑, 2007, 33(23): 138-139.]
[23]  Zhang Wei, Zhou Jian, Wang Genxu, et al. Monitoring and modeling the influence of snow cover and organic soil on the active layer of permafrost on the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2013, 35(3): 528-540. [张伟, 周剑, 王根绪, 等. 积雪和有机质土对青藏高原冻土活动层的影响[J]. 冰川冻土, 2013, 35(3): 528-540.]
[24]  Wang Guoya, Mao Weiyi, He Bin, et al. Changes in snow covers during 1961-2011 and its effects on frozen ground in Altay region, Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2012, 34(6): 1293-1300. [王国亚, 毛炜峰, 贺斌, 等. 新疆阿勒泰地区积雪变化特征及其对冻土的影响[J]. 冰川冻土, 2012, 34(6): 1293-1300.]
[25]  Zhang Tingjun. Influence of the seasonal snow cover on the ground thermal regime: An overview[J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 2005, 43(4). doi:10.1029/2004RG000157.
[26]  Hao Xiaohua, Wang Jian, Che Tao, et al. The spatial distribution and properties of snow cover in Binggou watershed, Qilian Mountains: Measurement and analysis[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2009, 31(2): 284-292. [郝晓华, 王建, 车涛, 等. 祁连山区冰沟流域积雪分布特征及其属性观测分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2009, 31(2): 284-292.]
[27]  Cuffey K M, Paterson W S B. The Physics of Glaciers[M]. 4th ed. Burlington: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2010: 11-28.

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133