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冰川冻土  2012 

北疆玛纳斯河流域人工绿洲演变过程及其特点

, PP. 72-80

Keywords: 人工绿洲,演变过程,特点,玛纳斯河流域

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Abstract:

利用历史文献资料、实地调查和监测资料,并结合遥感影像解译数据,分析了近2000a来玛纳斯河流域人工绿洲的演变进程,探讨了人工绿洲扩展过程与水资源利用的关系以及绿洲扩张的特点.结果显示近2000a来玛纳斯河流域人工绿洲的形成和演变可以分为4个时期17世纪以前以牧为主时期,流域人工绿洲仅呈星点分布在交通要道和军事据点;17世纪以后到1949年才进入半农半牧时期,流域人工绿洲呈小块状分布在河、泉引水方便之处;1949年以后玛纳斯河流域人工绿洲进入了以农为主时期,人工绿洲由小片联接成大片,扩大成新疆第四大绿洲群;20世纪70年代以后城市化时期,流域绿洲的二、三产业快速崛起.根据绿洲发展演变与水资源开发程度和灌溉水平将以农为主时期细分为4个阶段,从4个阶段不同水利条件和灌溉水平下绿洲的规模可以看出人工绿洲的演变进程是与流域水资源利用水平紧密结合的;玛纳斯河流域绿洲扩张的特点有人文因素对其有很大影响,移民屯垦在绿洲发展中起了重要作用,近60a来人工绿洲面积成倍扩大,尽管水利建设支撑绿洲发展,但仍受到流域水资源的限制.

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