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冰川冻土  2012 

天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川近雪面气象要素观测分析

, PP. 12-20

Keywords: 1号冰川,大西沟山地,气象要素特征,差异和成因

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Abstract:

利用中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所于2009年1月20日至12月31日在天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川冰雪表面实施大气科学观测实验观测取得的资料和同期大西沟气象站资料,分析了1号冰川四季大气温度、风速、风向以及总辐射的变化特征,对比、探讨了冰川尺度上冰雪表面与周边山地的辐射和地-气热量传输特性,在此基础上揭示了二者气温、风速、大气湿度变化的差异及其成因.研究表明1)由于冰川冰雪对太阳辐射的反射率高,冰雪表面得到的净辐射和热量少,使得冰川四季大气温度比大西沟站平均偏低2.9℃;2)冰川与周边山地下垫面的不同,引起太阳净辐射-温度场-气压场-风场的连锁变化,造成冰川轴向风以下行偏南气流为主导,法向风盛行偏东气流;冰川夜间风速大于大西沟,白天却小于大西沟风速;3)冰川和大西沟大气含水量较高,相对湿度在40%~80%之间变化,因大西沟地表蒸发大,其相对湿度略高于冰川.

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