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冰川冻土  2012 

祁连山石羊河上游山区土壤侵蚀的环境因子特征分析

, PP. 105-113

Keywords: 土壤侵蚀,GIS,USLE,植被条件,地形因子,哈溪林区

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Abstract:

在GIS技术支持下,运用通用水土流失方程USLE,对祁连山北坡东段的哈溪林区的土壤侵蚀量及空间分布进行了模拟运算,并定量分析了各种环境因子与土壤侵蚀之间的关系.结果显示研究区平均土壤侵蚀模数为25.1t·hm-2·a-1,微度和轻度侵蚀面积占总面积的80%,而强度到剧烈侵蚀产生的侵蚀量占78.3%;各土地类型土壤侵蚀模数由高到低依次是裸地>草地>农田>灌丛>乔木林,裸地侵蚀量占到总侵蚀量的54.9%;乔木林和灌木林95%以上侵蚀面积属微度侵蚀区,农田中度到剧烈侵蚀的面积比例达到35.9%,高于草地和其他植被类型,而草地剧烈侵蚀面积比例高于农田.海拔高度范围与土壤流失量之间的关系与植被的海拔分布范围明显相关;土壤平均侵蚀模数随坡度的增加而增大,土壤侵蚀量主要分布在15°~45°的坡度范围,不同植被覆盖下土壤流失随坡度变化的趋势可在一定程度上反映该类植被对土壤流失的防止作用.

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