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冰川冻土  2012 

新疆开都-孔雀河流域绿洲需水量与稳定性分析

, PP. 1470-1477

Keywords: 平原绿洲,需水量,适宜规模,开都-孔雀河流域

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Abstract:

水是绿洲存在和发展的核心,干旱区绿洲稳定性与水密切相关.根据2000-2009年资料,采用蒸发系数法和定额法估算开都-孔雀河流域绿洲自然生态系统和社会经济系统综合需水量,并对水资源约束条件下的绿洲稳定性进行初步探讨.结果表明2000-2009年,绿洲年均总需水量理论值约为54.80×108m3,其中开都河绿洲总需水量约为20.55×108m3,孔雀河绿洲总需水量约为21.90×108m3,博斯腾湖区耗水量约为12.35×108m3,与绿洲10a平均供水量相比,供需表现出极大地不平衡性.水资源可承载绿洲面积(不含博斯腾湖)约为3139.66km2,其中可承载灌溉地面积约为1395.41km2,与绿洲10a平均面积5248km2相比,差别较大,绿洲处于不稳定状态,现状绿洲面积应适当收缩.最后,对博斯腾湖最低生态水位进行讨论,初步把大湖最低水位定为海拔1045m,小湖最低生态水位定为海拔1046.5m.

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