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冰川冻土  2012 

青海南部冬春季雪灾的气候诊断与预测

, PP. 1441-1448

Keywords: 雪灾,气候,诊断,青海南部

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Abstract:

根据青海省气象台站的历史积雪等资料,依据气候诊断方法分析了降水、积雪的变化特征和2012年冬春季雪灾形成的气候成因.结果表明2012年后冬~初春北半球乌拉尔山阻塞高压稳定维持、青藏高原高度场偏低、高原低槽和印缅槽活跃、极地冷空气向南不断扩散,冷暖空气在高原地区汇合,在青海南部和北部地面温度梯度大、锋区强的零温度线两侧形成大量的降水和积雪.期间的降雪量与降雪日数突破历史极值,最高气温偏低,积雪持续难以融化,出现了历史少见的冬、春季两季连续积雪,导致玛沁、甘德、达日、玛多等县出现不同程度雪灾,1982年、1993年、1995年、2008年、2012年1-3月青海南部牧区的雪灾过程都基本属于这种类型.1961-2009年高原牧区积雪与环流因子的气候诊断分析显示,在1-3月北半球环流场上,若北极涛动负值偏大、乌拉尔山高压脊偏强、印缅槽和高原低槽偏深时,青海南部牧区降雪量大、积雪量多,积雪持续的时间长、雪灾也相对比较严重,在上述环流因子相反的配置下,青海南部牧区的雪灾则比较轻.

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