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冰川冻土  2012 

青海夏季干旱特征及其预测模型研究

, PP. 1433-1440

Keywords: 夏季,干旱指数(SPI),环流,关系,模型

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Abstract:

利用1961—2008年青海非干旱区(除柴达木盆地)地面气象观测资料、74个环流特征量、海温资料、北半球500hPa高度场网格点资料以及500hPa高度场遥相关,对夏季干旱的变化趋势和干旱发生的机理进行了研究.结果表明1961—2008年夏季青海省非干旱区、东部农业区分别发生干旱15a、18a,发生干旱的年几率为31.3%、37.5%;东部农业区发生干旱的几率较大,中轻度干旱发生几率大于特大、重度干旱.夏季典型干旱年500hPa欧亚中高纬度上空高度距平分布为正距平,极涡偏弱;非干旱年蒙古到青藏高原上由负距平控制,极涡偏强,偏向东半球,印缅低压槽十分活跃.当夏季西大西洋型、上年秋季欧亚纬向环流指数偏弱,而4月西太平洋型偏强,8月青藏高原地面加热场强度距平指数偏强,夏季容易发生干旱;反之,当夏季西大西洋型、上年秋季欧亚纬向环流指数偏强,而4月西太平洋型偏弱,8月青藏高原地面加热场强度距平指数偏弱,则夏季不易发生夏季干旱.1961—2008年模拟方程的准确率为83.3%,2009—2010年预测结果与实况接近,趋势预测准确.

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