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冰川冻土  2013 

寒区典型下垫面冻土水热过程对比研究(Ⅱ):水热传输

DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2013.0172, PP. 1555-1563

Keywords: 寒区,冻土水文,CoupModel,水热传输

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Abstract:

依托中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所黑河上游生态水文试验研究站葫芦沟试验小流域,选取4种典型寒区下垫面,利用CoupModel模型对试验点的土壤水热传输过程进行模拟计算.结果显示冻土对土壤水热传输影响为开始冻结时,冻结作用导致土壤水向上运动,往冻结锋面集结;稳定冻结期,土壤水运动微弱,接近零通量;解冻期,土壤水运动与上下层水势有关.冻融阶段的土壤水相变会带来热量的急剧变化.不同下垫面土壤水迁移差异主要体现在冻结过程中土壤水向上运动期间.沼泽草甸试验点因土壤含水量较大,吸水过程较长且吸水量大于其他3个试验点;高山寒漠试验点因为土壤孔隙较大,成冰作用会使土壤中毛细孔增加,导致冻结过程中出现多次土壤水向上运动状态.植被覆盖、土壤性质、土壤含水量和冻土类型等是寒区不同下垫面冻土水热传输过程差异的主要原因.

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