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冰川冻土  2014 

冻融和非冻融条件下包气带土壤墒情垂向变化的试验与分析

DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2014.0125, PP. 1031-1041

Keywords: 冻土层,包气带,墒情,冻土保墒,哈尔滨

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Abstract:

冻结层的存在使得寒区有着与非寒区差别明显的水文循环过程,土壤冻融规律、水热盐运移、融雪水入渗等已成为众多学者的研究对象.寒区低温条件下冻融土壤持水性质与非冻融土壤不同,其包气带冻结层往往具有弱透水性、蓄水保墒和隔热减渗的作用,使得寒区春季冻结层土壤的墒情较高.以冻融土壤和非冻融土壤墒情对比监测为基础,选取地表以下100cm的土壤为研究对象,在黑龙江大学呼兰校区设置冻融和非冻融对比监测试验场,同时段、同频率、同埋深(间隔20cm土层)进行土壤结构、水热及环境参数监测.通过对比分析了不同埋深不同冻融阶段的墒情参数,量化了低温冻融条件下土壤墒情较非冻融土壤的高出部分,最后对冻土保墒的机理进行探讨与分析.结果表明冻结条件下土壤水分重新分布,在土水势的作用下由非冻结区向冻结区迁移.初冻期地表土壤墒情达到最大,冻结期土壤最大墒情值随冻结锋面迁移分别在20、40、60cm处达到最大,稳定冻结期和融化初期在80cm处达到最大;土壤最大墒情值一般在冻结锋面前沿的10~20cm处,较好地保持了土壤水分.无论是从空间(不同埋深)还是时间(不同冻融阶段)角度分析,冻融土壤含水率均大于非冻融土壤,二者含水率的差值随埋深和冻融阶段的推移而加大,在稳定冻结期80cm处达到最大,差值量可达6.4%~7.8%.

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