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冰川冻土  2013 

近期小冬克玛底冰川物质平衡变化及其影响因素分析

DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2013.0032, PP. 263-271

Keywords: 冰川物质平衡,消融梯度,物质平衡线,小冬克玛底冰川

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Abstract:

冰川物质平衡是反映冰川状况最为直接、可靠的参数.基于2008-2012年小冬克玛底冰川花杆和雪坑实测的物质平衡资料以及相关的气象资料,获取了小冬克玛底冰川物质平衡数据并对其影响因素进行了分析.结果表明2009-2012年冰川末端共退缩19.7m,年均退缩量为4.9m,是1990年代中末期的2.3倍;平衡线高度为5720m,相比1990年代初的海拔5600m上升了120m.与1995年相比,冰川面积减少了0.095km2,末端海拔从5380m上升到5420m.2008-2012年小冬克玛底冰川物质平衡总量为-1584mmw.e.,相当于冰川整体减薄1.76m.2009/2010年度物质平衡量为-996mmw.e.,是小冬克玛底冰川有观测记录以来的最大负平衡值,夏季平均气温偏高和青藏公路维修导致表面反照率急剧降低是主要原因.对影响冰川物质平衡的因素分析结果表明,气温特别是夏季气温和净辐射是小冬克玛底冰川物质变化的主要影响因素.

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