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冰川冻土  2003 

乌鲁木齐河源区气候变化和1号冰川40a观测事实

, PP. 117-123

Keywords: 乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川,观测,冰川变化,气候变化

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Abstract:

分析研究了天山冰川站自1959年以来的气温、降水、水文、冰川物质平衡、冰川末端变化、冰川运动和冰川面积变化观测资料.结果表明,20世纪90年代中期以来,乌鲁木齐河源区处于一个最为显著的暖湿阶段.1958—2000年的42a间,1号冰川年平均物质平衡量为-188.6mm(约为-34.6×104m3),累积物质平衡量达到-7925mm,亦即冰川减薄了8m多,累积亏损量达1452×104m3.1号冰川面积在1962—2000年的38a间减少0.22km2,为11%,并呈加速减小趋势.1962年至今,1号冰川东支末端共退缩168.95m,西支185.23m,冰川表面运动速度减缓.1号冰川年融水径流量有增加趋势,1985年前后是个分界线,1986—2001年年均径流深为936.7mm,较之1958—1985年的508.4mm高出428.3mm,亦即增加84.2%.气温持续升高,冰川冷储减少可能是导致冰川加速消融的重要原因.

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