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冰川冻土  2013 

青海牧区干旱、雪灾灾害损失综合评估技术研究

DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2013.0076, PP. 662-680

Keywords: 青海省,干旱,雪灾,损失评估,草地类型,直接经济损失

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Abstract:

利用青海省20个草地生态监测站点2003—2011年监测的牧草、降水和相应年份的灾害监测调查资料分析表明,青海高原草地牧草产量与降水相关密切,8月末牧草产量与5—8月降水量相关系数均达到了0.001的相关性检验,建立了不同草地类型不同月份牧草产量与降水量的最优模拟方程;利用降水量距平百分率划分干旱等级,建立了干旱等级与牧草和牲畜损失的对应关系,实现了干旱和雪灾对草地、牲畜直接经济损失的定量评估.对比分析了干旱和雪灾灾害对畜牧业造成损失比例,将干旱和雪灾两个不同概念的灾害通过经济损失有机地联系起来,直观地表明了在不同等级的灾害情况下,损失造成的大小和比例.结果表明随着灾害等级加重,雪灾造成的损失比例增大,在特大灾时,雪灾造成的损失是旱灾损失的2.5倍.评估模型符合草地牧草生长规律和畜牧业生产特征,实例评估符合畜牧业实际损失程度.因此,能够在降水偏少或偏多时对草地畜牧业评估服务中推广应用.

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