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冰川冻土  2013 

2009/2010年黄河源区高寒草甸下垫面能量平衡特征分析

DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2013.0069, PP. 601-608

Keywords: 黄河源区,高寒草甸,能量平衡

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Abstract:

以青藏高原黄河源玛多为实验区,基于TRM-ZS1气象生态环境监测仪2009年11月1日至2010年10月31日辐射及能量通量观测数据,采用波文比能量平衡法,进行了该区域潜热和感热通量的估算,分析了黄河源区高寒草甸下垫面辐射收支,潜热、感热和土壤热通量在不同季节的分配,对该区域冬季地面加热场强度的变化进行了研究.结果表明该区域总辐射、净辐射较强,总辐射平均日积分值为18.06MJ·m-2·d-1,净辐射平均日积分值5.95MJ·m-2·d-1,曾观测到高达979.5W·m-2的净辐射通量.全年地表平均反射率为0.30,接近于荒漠和半荒漠下垫面的反射率.植物生长季土壤湿度和冬、春季地面积雪是影响该区域地表反射率的两个最主要因素.该区域感热通量年积分值为742.68MJ·m-2·a-1,潜热通量年积分值为1388.58MJ·m2·a-1,全年中地表以潜热方式传递热量为主.分季节分析,冬季感热潜热强度相当,春季以感热为主,夏秋季则以潜热为主.土壤热通量年积分值为38.06MJ·m-2·a-1,全年热通量在热量平衡中约占1.8%,但季节分配不平衡,在冬季,有|G|>H+LE,土壤热通量是热平衡最大的分量.该区域地表全年向大气释放热量,地表对大气而言是热源.

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