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冰川冻土  2013 

新疆冰川、积雪对气候变化的响应(I):水文效应

DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2013.0061, PP. 513-527

Keywords: 积雪融水,冰川融水,气候变化,水文过程,新疆

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Abstract:

新疆是我国冰川、积雪资源最为丰富的地区,冰川和积雪融水在水资源构成中占有重要的地位,其对气候变化的响应使得河流水文过程发生明显的变化,对新疆干旱区的水资源利用和管理产生重大影响.新疆高山流域产流占地表径流的80%以上,其中冰川和积雪融水径流在总径流中的比例可达45%以上,积雪和冰川融水是河流的主要补给来源.在新疆北部的阿尔泰山和天山北坡河流主要以融雪径流补给为主,而在天山南坡、昆仑山、喀喇昆仑山和天山北坡的伊犁河流域的河流以冰川融水补给为主;以融雪径流为主要的河流主汛期在春季到夏初,而冰川融水补给的河流夏季是主汛期.随着新疆气候向暖湿转变,高山流域的水文过程对气候变暖和积雪增加产生明显的响应以积雪为主补给的河流,水文过程对气候变暖的响应表现为最大径流前移,夏季径流减少明显;以冰川融水补给的河流,径流响应表现为6-9月汛期径流量明显增大,汛期洪水增多,年流量增加.由于不同补给类型河流的水文过程发生变化,其相应对下游的水资源供给和洪水安全管理产生了重大影响,在水资源管理方面需要适应气候变化对水文过程的调整,减缓气候变化对水资源安全的影响.

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