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冰川冻土  2013 

1951-2010年洮河流域水文气象要素变化的时空特征

DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2013.0142, PP. 1259-1266

Keywords: 水文气象,时空变化,洮河流域

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Abstract:

采用M-K检验、小波分析和Sen斜率等方法,对1951-2010年60a来洮河流域不同地理-生态区间水文气象要素变化的时空特征进行了综合研究.结果表明洮河流域水文气象要素呈现多种周期不同尺度的振荡特性,气温、降水和径流的年代际变化周期以9~13a和2~5a最为常见.气温从1990年代中期开始明显上升,突变的时间北部略早于南部,西部明显迟于东部;除上游草原牧区外,降水总体于1990年代初期开始减少;受降水变化影响,流域河川径流量1990年代发生明显减少.过去60a,洮河流域气温以0.18℃·(10a)-1的速率增温;降水以0.03mm·(10a)-1的速率减少;河川径流量以11.36mm·(10a)-1的速率减小;近30a来洮河流域以0.63℃·(10a)-1的速率增温,降水以8.86mm·(10a)-1的速率减少,径流以21.00mm·(10a)-1的速率减少.降水和径流变化在不同时期和不同生态-地理区间差异明显,与区域气候和下垫面因素变化所致的流域能水通量过程的变异有关.

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