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冰川冻土  2015 

2013年青海北部春季旱涝急转的特征及其成因分析

DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2015.0041, PP. 376-386

Keywords: 旱涝,急转,成因,春季,青海

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Abstract:

利用1961-2013年3-5月的逐日降水、气温和高度环流场资料,计算了月季降水、气温序列、气象干旱指数序列、高原地面加热场强度指数序列,研究了春季旱涝急转的主要特征及其规律,解释了2013年青海省春季降水前期偏少、后期偏多和旱涝急转的成因.结果表明2013年3月1日-4月27日青海大部分地区降水偏少、气温偏高,出现了大范围不同程度的气象干旱,海北大部分地区出现50a一遇的特大气象干旱,西宁大部分地区出现25a一遇的严重气象干旱;4月28日-5月20日青海大部分地区降水偏多,气温偏高幅度开始逐步减小,前期的干旱得到缓解,并出现了大范围不同程度的渍涝,旱涝急转的台站达21个.通过对比分析发现,若极涡面积偏小、中亚和西亚低压槽维持时间长、冷空气主要在欧洲东部和亚洲西部地区堆积、进入中国的冷空气路径偏西、高原位势高度场偏低、东亚槽位置偏东、西太平洋副热带高压北界位置偏北时,青海降水偏多,容易出现渍涝.在相反的环流形势下,青海降水偏少,容易发生干旱.4月干旱和5月渍涝处在青海高原降水长期变化的大气候背景之下,前期1-3月青藏高原地面加热场强度偏强、春夏季过渡时间提前也有助于青海5月异常降水的形成.

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