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冰川冻土  2012 

基于生态足迹和主体功能分区的县域灾后重建政策研究——以2011年东乡“3.2”特大滑坡灾害为例

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Keywords: 生态足迹,主体功能分区,可持续发展,灾后重建,东乡县

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Abstract:

评价自然灾害前,区域的生态足迹可了解当地自然生态系统的开发和利用状态,结合主体功能分区的方法可为灾后重建提供更契合实际的政策建议.基于合理灾后重建的理念,从可持续发展的角度分析了2011年甘肃东乡"3.2"滑坡灾害发生前(2010年)县域生态足迹和生态承载力情况,并根据海拔和坡度对区域进行功能分区.结果表明草地人均生态足迹为0.94hm2,生态承载供给为0.022hm2,赤字0.92hm2,草地土地类型存在严重的生态赤字,直接导致整个县域人均生态赤字0.97hm2.这表明东乡县人民的消费需求超过了自然系统的再生能力,人类的生产、生活强度超过了生态系统的承载力,区域生态系统处于人类的过度开发利用和压力之下.由于进出口贸易不大,因此,东乡县主要是通过消耗自然资本存量来弥补生态承载力的不足.考虑到东乡县的实际情况,通过主体功能分区把该区域分为农业发展区、生态恢复区以及二、三产业发展区.其中,农业发展区面积为838.24km2;生态恢复区面积为701.98km2,包括退耕还林的面积264.84km2;二、三产业发展区面积105.57km2.最后根据生态足迹和功能分区的计算结果,结合实际情况提出了未来可持续发展的政策建议.

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